Gideon Rachman : 政治民主与经济繁荣究竟是什么关系？（节选）
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 20px; border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><font face="SimSun " style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><font style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: 20px; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/></font></font><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: left; ">犹太人Azar Gat有关民主与政治和经济成就之间关系的新书显得特别恰逢其时。</p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: left; ">Gat是以色列特拉维夫大学(TelAviv University)的教授，他的上一部著作《文明世界的战争》颇受好评。新书是一部主题散文集，收录的文章大多已在其它地方发表，因此读起来不像专著那么有趣，但盖特的中心主题十分发人深省。</p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: left; ">他的基本观点是，西方理论家<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><u style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">假定自由民主制度效率出众，是太过自满了</font></u></strong>。他很有说服力地指出，前苏联体系之所以难以维系，<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><font color="#0000FF" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">不是因为苏联的政治专制，而是因为苏联的经济制度严重出错。</font></strong>另一种专制国家——比如上世纪40年代以前的德国和日本——成就斐然。Gat表示，德国人和日本人证明，<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><font color="#006400" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">专制国家可以将经济效率、公众支持、军事实力结合起来，使国家机器的运转变得十分强劲有力。</font></strong></p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: left; ">Gat认为，<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><u style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">决定第二次世界大战结果的，并不是由自由民主制度的优胜，而是由参战国的相对规模。</u></strong>简言之，日本和德国太小了。相比之下，<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><i style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">战争胜利的原因，在于专制国家——苏联的巨大牺牲，以及美国国土的资源丰富人口众多，而非美国本身的民主政体。</font></i></strong></p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: left; ">Gat写道：「要是没有苏联和美国，自由民主国家将会输掉20世纪的战争……后人对自由民主制的劣评，也就将会呼应公元前4世纪希腊人在<strong style="word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold; "><u style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; ">斯巴达攻破雅典</u></strong>后对民主的否决。」</p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "/></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 20px; border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><br/></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 20px; border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><br/></span></div>
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