土著虎尾 发表于 2009-11-4 17:30:00

[转帖]莫家仁谈土司制度的核心与实质

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">广西民族研究所研究员莫家仁谈土司制度的核心与实质</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">一、</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土司制度的核心问题是王朝以少数民族首领为世袭土官</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">二、</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">支撑土司制度长期存在的几大因素</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土司制度和土地占有制长期稳定，基本上适应生产力的发展要求。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土官掌握和组织训练的土兵、俍兵武装是土司长期存在的强大支柱。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中央王朝对土司制度的长期扶植和大力支持，为朝廷的统治服务，使这种制度能长久的持续存在。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">三、</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土司制度的实质是“以夷制夷”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">土司统治的州县，土官土民的起义事件少有发生，（即使）发生规模也不大，时间（也）不长。以明朝为例，当时桂西的土司统治地区，社会相对平靖；而流官统治的桂东地区，如古田、大藤峡、府江、罗旁、岑溪、怀远等地，大规模的人民反抗，有的长达二百余年，地方蹂躏不堪。对比之下，土司土官对维护边疆地区的安定是起很大作用的，是王朝“以夷制夷”治边政策的结果。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">土司制度的建立和发展促进了少数民族和汉族之间、内地和边疆之间的经济文化交流，有利于民族关系的友好发展。王朝对土司实行“以其故俗治”的长期方针，有利于民族传统文化的传承。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（全文见《广西民族研究》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2009</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年第三期）</span></p>

毛毛虫 发表于 2009-11-4 21:57:00

俍人后裔 发表于 2009-12-8 16:53:00

<font size="5">为封建专制朝廷的统治服务的制度绝对是腐朽制度。</font>

南粤孤客 发表于 2009-12-10 09:31:00

<p>土司制度固然腐朽，难道流官统治就不腐朽了？</p>
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