維基的資料：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam
According to Vietnamese legends, the first Vietnamese descended from the dragon lord Lạc Long Quân and the heavenly spirit Âu Cơ. Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ had 100 sons, and the eldest one became the first in the lines of early Vietnamese line of kings, collectively known as Hùng Vương (or Brave King). Under the Hùng kings, the civilization that would later become Việt Nam was called Văn Lang. The people of Văn Lang were known as the Lạc Việt people. By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the Âu Việt, emigrated from present southern China to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous Văn Lang population. In 258 BC, a new kingdom called Âu Lạc (from the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt) was formed by Thục Phán in North Vietnam. Thục Phán proclaimed himself king An Dương Vương. After a long war with the Chinese Qin dynasty, An Dương Vương was finally defeated by a Qin general named Triệu Đà in 208 BC. Triệu Đà proclaimed himself king when the Qin empire fell to the Han. He combined Âu Lạc with territories in southern China and named his kingdom Nam Việt. Nam means south, and Việt is a derivation of Yue, the Chinese name for the Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam regions.
The Triệu dynasty is a controversial era among Vietnamese. Some consider it a Chinese domination, because Triệu Đà was a Qin general who defeated An Dương Vương to established his rule. Yet others consider it an era of independence, because Triệu Đà's family ruled Nam Việt in defiance of the Han dynasty until 111 BC, when the Han troops invaded the country and incorporated it into the Han empire as Giao Chỉ prefecture. Nam Việt's Triệu dynasty had five kings:
Despite a program of Sinicization, the Viets refused assimilation and continuously rebelled. In 40 AD, allegedly after her husband had been executed by the Chinese, a Vietnamese woman named Trưng Trắc and her sister Trưng Nhị led an uprising against the Hans. They were able to drive off the Chinese and set capital at Mê Linh (Phú Thọ province). In 41 AD, Emperor Guangwu of Han sent his general Mã Viện (Ma Yuan) and troops to crush the Trưng rebellion. After two years of fighting, the Trưng sisters were defeated and committed suicide by drowning themselves in Hát river. Known collectively in Vietnamese folklore as Hai Bà Trưng, the Trưng sisters are admired as the first Vietnamese patriots. They are often depicted as riding war elephants to battle.
Later on, another Vietnamese woman, Triệu Trinh, and her brother, Triệu Quốc Đạt, also rebelled against Eastern Wu Chinese rule. Commonly known as Bà Triệu, Triệu Trinh is also depicted as riding an elephant to battle with her brother riding a horse besides. The Trưng sisters' and Triệu Trinh's stories may be hints that early Vietnamese civilizations were largely matriarchal, where it was easy for women to assume the leading position and mobilize people.
Much of northern Vietnam (from the Red River delta down to about the region of modern Hue) was incorporated into the Chinese province of Jiaozhi, or Giao Chỉ (later called Tonkin), through much of the Han dynasty and the period of the Three Kingdoms. Jiaozhi (with its capital near modern Hanoi) became a flourishing port receiving goods from the southern seas. The Hou Hanshu relates that in 166 CE the first envoy from the Roman Empire to China arrived by this route, and merchants were soon to follow. The 3rd century Weilue speaks of a "water route" (i.e. the Red River) from Jiaozhi into what is now southern Yunnan. From there goods were taken overland to the rest of China via the regions of modern Kunming and Chengdu.
Many other rebellions also took place in this period, such as those of Mai Thúc Loan (Mai Hắc Đế - Mai the Black King), Phùng Hưng (Bố Cái Đại Vương - The Great Guardian Lord), Triệu Quang Phục (Triệu Việt Vương - Triệu the Viet King), and Lý Bí (a.k.a Lý Bôn).
发表于 2005-12-30 11:26:00
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发表于 2006-3-12 12:12:00
发表于 2006-3-23 22:16:00
