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标题: 语言政策(英汉版) [打印本页]

作者: 黄达武 时间: 2011-5-31 11:07
标题: 语言政策(英汉版)

language policy

语言政策

Many countries have a language policy designed to favour or discourage the use of a particular language or set of languages. Although nations historically have used language policies most often to promote one official language at the expense of others, many countries now have policies designed to protect and promote regional and ethnic languages whose viability is threatened.

许多国家有自己的语言政策，旨在促进或阻止某一特定语言或一系列特定语言的使用。尽管许多国家历史上在损害其它语言的情况下常使用语言政策提倡其官方语言，但如今许多国家使用语言政策来保护和提倡其生存已受到威胁的地区性语言和民族语言。

Language Policy is what a government does either officially through legislation, court decisions or policy to determine how languages are used, cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages.

语言政策是政府正式进行的实践活动，通过立法、法院判决或者政策，政府来决定语言如何使用、如何培育能满足国家发展战略的语言技巧，或确定个人或团体使用和保持语言的权利。

Contents 内容

1 Overview
综述
2 Language regulators语言管理机构
3 See also
请参阅
4 Notes
注解
5 References
参考资料
6 Further reading
进一步阅读
7 External links
外部链接

[edit] Overview 综述

The preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity in today's world is a major concern to many scientists, artists, writers, politicians, leaders of linguistic communities, and defenders of linguistic human rights. More than half of the 6000 languages currently spoken in the world are estimated to be in danger of disappearing during the 21st century. Many factors affect the existence and usage of any given human language, including the size of the native speaking population, its use in formal communication, and the geographical dispersion and the socio-economic weight of its speakers.
National language policies can either mitigate or exacerbate the effects of some of these factors.

当今世界，文化和语言多样性的保存，是许多科学家、艺术家、作家、政治家、语言社区的领导和语言人权拥护者极为关注的一个问题。当今世界口头使用的6000种语言，据估计，超半数在21世纪会处在消失的危险边缘。许多因数会影响到任一种人类语言的存在和使用，包括母语人口的多寡，在正式交流场合的使用，地理上的传播以及它的使用者在社会和经济上的地位。国家的语言政策可以减轻或者加剧其中一些因素的影响。

There are many ways in which language policies can be categorised. It was elaborated by Université Laval
   sociolinguist
   Jacques Leclerc for the French-language Web site L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde put on line by the CIRAL in 1999. The collecting, translating and classifying of language policies started in 1988 and culminated in the publishing of Recueil des législations linguistiques dans le monde (vol. I to VI) at Presses de l'Université Laval in 1994.
   The work, containing some 470 language laws, and the research leading to publication, were subsidised by the Office québécois de la langue française. In April 2008, the Web site presented the linguistic portrait and language policies in 354 States or autonomous territories in 194 recognised countries.

语言政策的分类，有许多方法。在1999年CIRAL建立的法语网站“L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde”当中，[加拿大]拉弗尔大学[Université Laval]社会语言学家雅克.拉克拉尔克[Jacques Leclerc]对此作了精心阐述。语言政策的收集、翻译和分类始于1988年，1994年达到顶点，标志为拉弗尔大学出版社出版的《世界语言法规集[Recueil des législations linguistiques dans le monde]》（卷1至卷4）一书。该著作，包括约470部语言法规和一些最后出版的研究成果，由魁北克法语办公室资助出版。2008年4月，该网站拥有包括354个州或自治地方的语言概述和语言政策等内容，而这些州或自治地方则分布于194个已得到承认的国家当中。