越南旅遊總局網頁（中文版是廢的耶）：
http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/overview.asp?uid=1937
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Foundation of the Nation |
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During the Dong Son period, only one state had formed. The unified culture prevailing in this region stretched from the Sino-Vietnamese border to the northern banks of the Gianh River. The nation of the ancient Viet people existed as the Van Lang Nation, which was ruled by the Kings Hung. A few centuries later, An Duong Vuong founded the Au Lac Nation in the third century BC. Records of this nation can be found in the annals written by the Chinese historian, Xi Ma Tin. Remains of the Co Loa Citadel, which was built during the An Duong Vuong period, can still be seen today. The Pre-Sa Huynh culture evolved in South Central Vietnam during the Iron Age. The people of this group lived between Thua Thien and the Dong Nai River Delta. At that time, people were buried in tombs which contained many tools made of iron and jewelry made of agate and jasper.. The Sa Huynh culture was founded by the ancestors of the Cham who founded the Champa Kingdom. |
Van Lang Nation - 文郎國
Au Lac nation - 甌駱國
由 An Duong Vuong （安陽王，即蜀王）所建立
Champa Nation - 占城國
維基的資料：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam
According to Vietnamese legends, the first Vietnamese descended from the dragon lord Lạc Long Quân and the heavenly spirit Âu Cơ. Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ had 100 sons, and the eldest one became the first in the lines of early Vietnamese line of kings, collectively known as Hùng Vương (or Brave King). Under the Hùng kings, the civilization that would later become Việt Nam was called Văn Lang. The people of Văn Lang were known as the Lạc Việt people. By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the Âu Việt, emigrated from present southern China to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous Văn Lang population. In 258 BC, a new kingdom called Âu Lạc (from the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt) was formed by Thục Phán in North Vietnam. Thục Phán proclaimed himself king An Dương Vương. After a long war with the Chinese Qin dynasty, An Dương Vương was finally defeated by a Qin general named Triệu Đà in 208 BC. Triệu Đà proclaimed himself king when the Qin empire fell to the Han. He combined Âu Lạc with territories in southern China and named his kingdom Nam Việt. Nam means south, and Việt is a derivation of Yue, the Chinese name for the Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam regions.
The Triệu dynasty is a controversial era among Vietnamese. Some consider it a Chinese domination, because Triệu Đà was a Qin general who defeated An Dương Vương to established his rule. Yet others consider it an era of independence, because Triệu Đà's family ruled Nam Việt in defiance of the Han dynasty until 111 BC, when the Han troops invaded the country and incorporated it into the Han empire as Giao Chỉ prefecture. Nam Việt's Triệu dynasty had five kings:
Despite a program of Sinicization, the Viets refused assimilation and continuously rebelled. In 40 AD, allegedly after her husband had been executed by the Chinese, a Vietnamese woman named Trưng Trắc and her sister Trưng Nhị led an uprising against the Hans. They were able to drive off the Chinese and set capital at Mê Linh (Phú Thọ province). In 41 AD, Emperor Guangwu of Han sent his general Mã Viện (Ma Yuan) and troops to crush the Trưng rebellion. After two years of fighting, the Trưng sisters were defeated and committed suicide by drowning themselves in Hát river. Known collectively in Vietnamese folklore as Hai Bà Trưng, the Trưng sisters are admired as the first Vietnamese patriots. They are often depicted as riding war elephants to battle.
Later on, another Vietnamese woman, Triệu Trinh, and her brother, Triệu Quốc Đạt, also rebelled against Eastern Wu Chinese rule. Commonly known as Bà Triệu, Triệu Trinh is also depicted as riding an elephant to battle with her brother riding a horse besides. The Trưng sisters' and Triệu Trinh's stories may be hints that early Vietnamese civilizations were largely matriarchal, where it was easy for women to assume the leading position and mobilize people.
Much of northern Vietnam (from the Red River delta down to about the region of modern Hue) was incorporated into the Chinese province of Jiaozhi, or Giao Chỉ (later called Tonkin), through much of the Han dynasty and the period of the Three Kingdoms. Jiaozhi (with its capital near modern Hanoi) became a flourishing port receiving goods from the southern seas. The Hou Hanshu relates that in 166 CE the first envoy from the Roman Empire to China arrived by this route, and merchants were soon to follow. The 3rd century Weilue speaks of a "water route" (i.e. the Red River) from Jiaozhi into what is now southern Yunnan. From there goods were taken overland to the rest of China via the regions of modern Kunming and Chengdu.
Many other rebellions also took place in this period, such as those of Mai Thúc Loan (Mai Hắc Đế - Mai the Black King), Phùng Hưng (Bố Cái Đại Vương - The Great Guardian Lord), Triệu Quang Phục (Triệu Việt Vương - Triệu the Viet King), and Lý Bí (a.k.a Lý Bôn).
The people of Văn Lang were known as the Lạc Việt people. By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the Âu Việt, emigrated from present southern China to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous Văn Lang population. In 258 BC, a new kingdom called Âu Lạc (from the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt) was formed by Thục Phán in North Vietnam.
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文郎國居民已知為駱越人，於公元前三世紀，另一越系族群，甌越，從現在的南中國移居至紅河三角州並跟文郎土著融合。於公元前258年，一個新王國名甌駱（甌越及駱越的聯合體）於越南北部由蜀泮所建立。
維基資料：
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E5%9F%8E&variant=zh-cn
占城
占城(梵文 Campa） 印度支那（东汉初平三年-明成化七年（192年至1471年）占族古国，在今越南中部。占族语言属马来-波利尼亚语系，与越南语所属语系不同。占城是梵文“占婆补罗”（Champapura）的简称，“补罗”（pura）是梵文“城”。
东汉末年，占族人区连杀死汉朝日南郡象林县令，从中国独立，占据了原日南郡的大部分地区，以婆罗门教为国教，建立占城国，和中国以顺化为界。
唐代也称“占波”、“占不劳”。
宋景德四年，占城王派遣使奉表入贡，自称“占城国王”。占城属国包括旧州、乌丽、日丽、乌马、拔弄等十五国。
1697年沦为阮氏广南王国属地，1720年代完全灭亡。其后裔仍在越南南部和柬埔寨生活。
1697年沦为越南属国。
占城王国圣地美山寺庙位于越南广南省维川县维富乡美山村，距会安40公里。 1999年联合国教科文组织将美山寺庙作为文化遗产，列入世界遗产名录。
参考
又是維基的資料：
越南
历史
越南是一个有二千多年历史的国家。自中国秦朝以前，传说中的英雄雄王在现在越南北部成立国家，名叫鸿庞。
秦始皇统一中原以後，为巩固南方而进侵今日越南的所在地，公元前214年，秦将越南北部归属于象郡管理，并向越南北部大量移民。
公元前204年，秦南海尉赵佗在秦末的混乱时期，自立为南越武王，越南北部成为南越国的一部分。公元前111年，汉武帝灭南越，并在越南北部地区设立交趾，九真，日南三郡，实施直接统治。在之後的一千多年时间里，越南北部交趾地区虽然屡有反抗，但是大体上一直受到中国政权的直接管辖.
东汉末年，占族人区连杀死汉朝日南郡象林县令，从中国独立，占据了原日南郡的大部分地区，以婆罗门教为国教，建立占婆国，和中国以顺化为界。1190年-1220年，占婆被真腊占领，後复国。
公元939年，吴权自中国五代南汉政权独立，建立吴朝，968年丁部领建立丁朝，受到中国宋太祖册为交趾郡王，建大瞿越国，定都华闾（今宁平省宁平市），正式独立。980年，黎恒建立前黎朝。1009年，李公蕴建立李朝。1225年，陈日煚建立陈朝。1407-1428年，中国明成祖派兵灭越南，进行直接统治。1428年，黎利击退明军，自立为帝，建立後黎朝，1471年，灭占婆。1527年，後黎朝南北分裂，北部由莫登庸建立的莫朝控制，後1592年後黎朝复辟，北部由郑氏家族控制，南部则由阮氏家族控制，1698年，阮氏灭水真腊（今湄公河三角洲）。1771年，爆发西山三兄弟起义，先後灭阮、郑，统一全国，建立西山朝。1802年，阮福映在法国支持下灭西山朝，建立阮朝，受中国嘉庆帝册封为越南国王，正式建立越南国家。
越南假日
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97&variant=zh-cn
| 日期 | 中文名称 | 越南名称 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1月1日 | 新年 | Tết Tây | |
| 农历正月初一至初三 | 元旦(类似中国春节) | Tết Nguyên Đán | 越南最重要的假期，一连三日。 |
| 2月3日 | 越南共产党成立纪念日 | ||
| 4月30日 | 解放日 | Ngày Giải Phóng | 1975年4月30日西贡解放的日子 |
| 5月1日 | 劳动节 | Quốc Tế Lao Động | 五一劳动节 |
| 5月19日 | 胡志明寿辰日 | 纪念越南的重要领袖人物胡志明 | |
| 农历七月十五日 | 盂兰节 | Trung Nguyen | 祭祀先人的日子 |
| 9月2日 | 独立日 | Ngày Tuyên Ngôn Độc Lập | 纪念1945年9月2日胡志明发表独立宣言 |
| 9月3日 | 胡志明忌辰 | 纪念胡志明在1969年当天逝世 | |
| 农历八月十五日 | 秋节 | Trung Thu | 相当于中秋节 |
| 11月 | 孔子诞 | 纪念孔子的诞辰，日子根据农历计算 |
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