[转载]壮侗语民族：华南－珠江流域稻作农业创造者 - 僚人家园

稻作农业，即把野生稻驯化为栽培稻的过程。作为稻作农业起源地需具有两个条件，一是有野生稻，二是有把野生稻驯化成为栽培稻的能力的古人类。华南——珠江流域是稻作农业的起源地之一，地属亚热带，气候温热，雨量充沛，适合稻田生长，是迄今发现的野生稻最为密集的地区。

广西民族研究所所长覃乃昌介绍，在广西、广东等古越人居住的珠江流域广大地区，仍保留着大量含“麓”、“那”等地名，在汉语古籍如《山海经》、、《诗经》、《说文解字》中的“耗”“膏”等字，是壮语称野生稻、稻、稻谷、稻米饭的汉字记音。

２０世纪５０年代以来，在邕江流域发现多处距今５０００多年的颇具规模的大石铲遗址。石铲的一般形制为小柄双肩型和小柄短袖型。大者长７０多厘米，重几十公斤；小者仅长数厘米，重几百克。制作规整，双肩对称，两侧束腰呈弧形内收，至中部又作弧形外展，呈舌面弧刃。通体磨光，棱角分明，曲线柔和。

大石铲是从双肩石斧演变而来，是适应沼泽地带稻田耕作的重要工具，是新石器时代壮侗语民族先民地区耕作农业发展已经具有一定规模和水平的重要标志。

壮侗语民族是指讲壮侗族语言的民族，就华南——珠江流域而言，包括壮、布依、侗、水、仫佬、毛南６个民族。

北姑发表于 2006-3-22 10:35
蒼梧是在廣西北部吧？南越國派出桂林監耶。
楚國原地在湖北耶，後來才擴張至湖南耶。

北姑发表于 2006-3-21 16:09
廣西的不清楚，廣東的乃至少經楚國傳入的耶，而在此前也有周人傳入的傳說耶，羊城乃因此而得名耶。

INDICA-JAPONICA DIFFERENTIATION OF CHLOROPLAST DNA IN CHINESE COMMON WILD RICE POPULATIONS

HUANG, Yanhong; SUN, Chuanqing & WANG, Xiangkun

(Origin and Diiferentiation of Chinese Cultivated Rice,(X. Wang & C. Sun, eds.), China Agricultural University Press, 1996, pp.166-170)

(China Agricultural University, 100094. Scanned/partlytransl. by Fiona Zhao; ed. by F. Zhao & B. Gordon)

Abstract: Two natural common wild rice populations without cultivatedrice introgression from Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province, and Guilin, GuangxiProvince, and a natural population of common wild rice near cultivated rice fromFusui, Guangxi, were studied using chloroplast DNA PCR technique. Results showmost Dongxiang population plants in the ORF100 gene of Pst-l2 fragment are indicaand most plants of Guilin and Fusui populations are japonica.

Key words:Ordinary wild rice natural group; chloroplast DNA, indica& japonica rice

<SSR Marker Analysis on indica-japonica Differentiation of Natural Population of Oryza rufipogon in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province>

LI Ya-li 1, YANG Xiao-xi 2, ZHAO Feng-ping 3, XU Ming-hui 3

(1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; 2 Yunnan Rare and Endangered Plant Species Conservation Center, Kunming 650032, China; 3 Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China)

Abstract:

By using 19 pairs of primers that could identify two subspecies (indica and japonica) of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), the indica-japonica differentiation of 56 individuals from the natural population of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Yuanjiang was analyzed by SSR (microsatellite DNAs, or simple sequence repeat). Of the 19 pairs of primers, 17 pairs (89.47%) could amplify only one kind of band type among all of the individuals, but primers RM251 and RM18 could amplify polymorphic band types. The bands amplified by 16 pairs of primers (84.21%) were identical to the indica-japonica diagnostic bands of relevant locus in cultivated rice, including 11 japonica-like loci and 4 indica-like loci. The bands amplified by the other three pairs of primers (RM18, RM202, RM205) were different from indica or japonica diagnostic bands of cultivated rice. The results showed that according to 19 loci analyzed, 84.21% of SSR loci in genomic DNA of common wild rice in Yuanjiang displayed indica-japonica differentiation and 13.79% of the loci still kept primitive, and most of the detected loci were homogenetic in the natural population.