壮族三声部民歌初探
<DIV class=Section1 style="LAYOUT-GRID-LINE: 15.6pt"><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.3pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中央民族大学学报</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">社会科学版</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1 999</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.3pt"><FONT size=5><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><U>壮族三声部民歌初探</U></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.3pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赵 毅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><EM><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作者简介</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>: :</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赵毅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (1 943</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ),</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">男</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">广西人</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现任中国少数民族音乐学会副会长兼秘书长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中央民族大学文艺所研究人员。</SPAN></EM><B><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内容提要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 三声部民歌是我国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 80</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代新发现的民间音乐品种之一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是流传民间的一种极为珍稀的民歌现象。本文通过对壮族三声部民歌发现过程的追踪描述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及对它的演唱形式、流传地域、音乐形态特征</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与其生成缘起的分析探讨</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意在进一步证明我国多声部民歌存在的事实。对三声部民歌的发现而言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其积极意义首先在于拯救了一个民歌品种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丰富了我国的民间音乐宝库。当前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如何培养后继传人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">保存其“活”的音乐传承</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是音乐工作者面临的新的重要课题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关键词 音乐形象 声部组合 三声部 民间歌手</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
</DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR clear=all style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto; mso-break-type: section-break"></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过去西方曾认为我们中国音乐“单调”、“没有多声部民歌”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其实不然。在我国各民族</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的民歌中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不仅有优美动听的单声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">更有丰富多样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绚丽多彩的二声部民歌。</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代初</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在广西中部大明山区的马山、上林等地壮族民间还发现了风格别致的三声部民歌。广西壮族三声部民歌的发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">被当时中国音乐协会主席吕骥誉为文明古国优秀音乐艺术之一章。吕老盛赞壮族三声部民歌的民间特色非常鲜明</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“像壮锦一样美丽”。并指出壮族三声部民歌是壮族人民在长期生活实践中创造的精神文明的一种形态</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是壮族人民经过漫长的岁月发展起来的宝贵的民族民间音乐遗产。他同时强调对新发现的壮族三声部民歌不但要肯定它</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还要研究、借鉴、发展它</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《民族音乐》第一集第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2 2 0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2 2 1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">广西壮族自治区文化局戏研室</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1 982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年编</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。可见音乐家老前辈对我国民间音乐挖掘整理工作的关心、爱护和重视</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也说明三声部民歌在民族民间音乐中的重要地位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及它在民族民间存在的事实和意义。</SPAN>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">据广西壮族音乐学家范西姆介绍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌的发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1 980</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1 2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随自治区文化局的同志到乌山县搜集音乐素材</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">偶听当地文化干部兰成琪分别演唱了“三顿欢”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即三声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的三个声部的旋律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尤感以鼻音哼唱的第三声部甚为迷人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于是产生了浓厚兴趣</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">便于翌年春重访该县</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并深入到安善村民间调查</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">试图弄清其虚实真伪。结果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过调查</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实实在在。当时当地由兰生琼、韦羡龙、韦炳礼、潘荣辉等从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 42</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 84</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁“上了年纪”的民间歌手轮流担任高、中、低音声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们“像素有训练的小合唱队”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">演唱了三顿欢”、“蛮欢”、“波列欢”、“加方调”、“结欢”等古老的壮族三声部民歌。其旋律优美动听</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">声部间相配协调</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音色柔和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">风格统一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">听起来形象鲜明、突出。”为此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,1 982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在南宁召开的全国部分省、市、自治区多声部民歌座谈会上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">范西姆同志以《壮族三声部民歌初见》为题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用调查报告的形式向大会正式宣布了这一重要发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引起了与会者的强烈震动和无比兴奋。因为自建国以来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各地音乐工作者在少数民族地区采访到的多声部民歌中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">几乎全部是两声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而今新发掘的三个声部民歌实属罕见。中国音乐研究所乔建中等同志参加了这次会议</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为“这不仅仅是一两首民歌的收集、挖掘问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而是关系到我们在以往从未接触到的一种多声民歌品种的问题。”因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们为了捕获第一手资料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以便作更周详的调查研究</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">便利用会议空隙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到三声部民歌的另一个主流行区广西上林县黄境村进行专访</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结果也采录到了三声部“欢悦”。尽管与马山县安善村的“三顿欢”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于地域性差异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在声部结合特点及音乐个性上有明显不同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却进一步证实了三声部民歌的存在。</SPAN>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从马山、上林两个主要流行区域的壮族三声部民歌的音乐结构形态看</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其基本特征为同声合唱的支声复调性质</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌腔悠扬悦耳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">艺术风格独特</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要旋律在高声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个别在中声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其他两个声部由主旋律变化派生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主旋律声部的和声基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音域大致相同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">声部间相互交错、重迭</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">旋律线条清晰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有同一的动向</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同一的支柱音和终止音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有相近的音乐性格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">共同体现单一的音乐形象。曲体为上下向结构的单乐段体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌词一般为五言、四句欢和“五三五”嵌句欢体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">严格要求腰脚韵。当然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于地域性差异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管是邻近县</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">马山与上林之间的壮族三声部民歌的音乐特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">譬如声部组合、音乐个性等等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是有明显不同的。现试分述如下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> :</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">马山壮族三声部的第一、第二声部一般情况下仅由一人担任</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三声部则往往由两人以上担任。由于歌手们有共同的欣赏习惯、情趣和审美要求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们认为主旋律声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般是高音声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是最主要声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌腔高昂、明亮、突出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌唱时要唱得清晰动听</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">往往挑选歌喉最漂亮的歌手担任</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中声部歌腔较平稳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">唱时声音浑厚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起补充润色主要声部的作用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低音部歌腔迂回婉转</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并常用悠缓呼声“哼”、“呜”、“啊”唱出或用鼻音哼唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时喜用低八度唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ),</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与上两声部形成鲜明的对比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起到烘托和陪衬的作用。三个声部都是为了突出和丰富主旋律而构成完整的音乐形象</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使之浑然一体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般三个声部同起同收。而上林壮族三声部民歌的声部组合形式则差别较大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般要求演唱人数少为三人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多为五人。我们且以《旱田怨》的声部配置为例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> :</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高音声部一人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中音声部二人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低音声部一人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另有一人以口哨伴奏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伴奏旋律同中声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三个声部都显得同样重要。高声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即主导声部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也是由有经验、有才华的歌师担任</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而且总是先于其他两声部起唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以确定调高和速度等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其旋律的运动多在以“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>sol</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”为核音的“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 6. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”五度范围内</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">节奏较活泼、流动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曲调富有装饰性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中声部晚起一小节</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二乐句晚起一拍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ),</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">旋律活动范围很小</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仅用“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 6. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”两音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与高声部时分时合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以合为主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于强调了主音“徵”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">便给主旋律以有力的支持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该声部由二人担任</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又加口哨</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可见其地位之重要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低声部以唱“衬词”为主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它的旋律活动范围也只有一个大二度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同中声部形成严格的平行关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">演唱难度较大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也必须由有经验的歌师担任</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低声部是在上面两声部和声音程关系的基础上进一步构成和弦关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从而加浓了合唱色彩。三个声部有机而和谐的结合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成为富有多声音乐传统的壮族人民音乐思维的集中体现。以上两地的壮族三声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管某些音乐特点有明显的不同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但并无本质上的差别</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族有“隔山不同音”之说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指的就是这种差异现象。采风过程中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们常遇到这样的情况</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即某一歌手演唱的当地山歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于歌词不同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前后数遍之间的曲调仍有微小的“误差”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民歌是“活”的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">演唱民歌在风格统一的情况下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">些许的差别是存在的。不隔“山”如此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">何况此两地已跨出了县境。所以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三声部民歌和二声部一样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">易地而各具特色</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是情理之中事</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对此再行追溯已似无必要。壮族三声部民歌是壮族民间音乐中的奇葩。它的形成也许还不是太久远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但也决非古今专业所强加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而是经过长期在民间的流传中逐渐演变、发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而形成自身规律的。正如吕骥同志所评述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> :</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“这些歌曲没有反映出专业作曲技法的固有规则。整个乐曲结构也不像现代专业创作那样严谨</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但它有自身的规律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些三个声部歌曲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由一个主旋律声部和两个伴随声部构成某种音乐形象。在艺术上和形式上虽然不是非常严整</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但也不是松散无逻辑的。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《民族音乐》第一集第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2 2 0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上述的分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">恰反映出壮族三声部民歌的一般规律和一定的逻辑思维。</SPAN>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌的形成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与当地的社会经济基础、历史文化渊源与民众艺术智慧的创造不无关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与当地某些民俗更有密切和直接的联系。马山、上林地处广西中部大明山区</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以山地农耕为主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即属山地农耕文化范畴。主要居住着壮族</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也有部分瑶族和汉族</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然条件较差</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经济基础薄弱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">交通极为不便。建国前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于山多地少</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">部分中青年男子在农闲时便挑起“药担”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在附近诸县间翻山越岭</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经营中草药、红药</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">染料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等生意为生活之辅助</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如此出门十天半月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">靠的全是两条腿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可谓“爬过万山丛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磨破硬脚板”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路途十分艰辛。当然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大多数人包括那些半商经营者的大部分时间都还是在那山坡崖岭中从事着农耕劳作。加上壮族本无文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文化生活贫乏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一些生产知识的传授</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包括天文地理、时令农事、劳动技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乃至做人道德、处世应酬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及民族历史、英雄人物的赞颂等等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都是靠祖祖辈辈的口头传承</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山歌便是其中一种流传最广的主要和重要的传播媒体。因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那里山歌发达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尤以双声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为盛。从曲例分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三声部是从二声部发展而来的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比如三声部民歌结构与壮族二声部一样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其中只有一个旋律真正具有独立的音调意义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">完全协和音程和不完全协和音程的运用法则仍保持与二声部结构一样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协和音程是和声结合的基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而不协和音程则被视为是从协和音程派生出来的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">节奏的对比、旋律型的对比等均类同于二声部民歌的主要特征。可见壮族三声部民歌产生于二声部之后</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是在二声部民歌的基础上逐步发展而成的。壮族三声部民歌的产生与当地某些民俗有着密切的联系。我们知道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族有赛歌、对歌之俗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌圩常年开展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三声部民歌便是青年男女双方在山野对歌到感情炽烈时所唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">借这种能拨动心弦的歌腔和声势来感动对方压倒对方。想必它最初的出现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当在喜庆节日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比如婚庆之日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主人请来许多远方宾客</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因路途远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当日不能返回</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至夜便自邀歌伴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彼此酬和。先以两声部互对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到高潮时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有些人便情不自禁地分别加入对歌的双方。此时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你唱我和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彼此呼应</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">场面红火热烈</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热闹非凡。这中间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某些有经验的歌手</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了追求更丰满的多声色彩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也为了显示自己的歌唱才华</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而不自觉地在第二声部下面唱出了第三声部。久而久之</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种唱法便为当地群众的审美习惯所认可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而逐步流传开来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并运用到歌圩上去。综上所述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族由于有对歌赛歌的特殊风俗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长期、丰富的歌唱实践是产生三声部民歌的重要基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而二声部的大量流传是形成三声部民歌的前提和重要条件。诚然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族许多文化现象由于无文献可查</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">难于判断其真实的产生年代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民间采访也只是说从祖、父辈流传下来的“祖传”说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">概念十分模糊</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无从考证。我们不否认它</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是壮族人民在长期的生活实践中创造出来的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是壮族人民经过漫长岁月发展起来的宝贵的民族民间音乐遗产</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但凡一种民间文化艺术品种的形成都决非一日之功所能成就。但就壮族三声部民歌而言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从某些有限的曲谱资料分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">笔者认为其形成时间可能还不是太久远。比如上林的三声部“欢悦”《旱田怨》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并不像其他二声部民歌那样具有较稳定的和声音程结合。全歌十段词中的前四段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中、低声部为大三度平行进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">唱到第五段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高、中声部自然移高半音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低声部则保持不变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它便同中声部构成四度平行关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至第七段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">担任高声部的歌手另起唱时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">调高下降一个大二度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中声部也随之而变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但低声部仍保持最初的调高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又与中声部构成小三度平行进行。这就说明歌手们只掌握了平行进行的手段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但各声部的和声音程关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在不同的场合和情形下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都还是游离的、不稳定的。据此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我认为它还没有足够的时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有经过充分的音乐实践使之稳定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此证明它的形成历史可能还不是太久远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而只是处在初步的发展阶段。毋庸置疑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌的存在是不可否认的事实</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它是壮族民间音乐发展的光辉硕果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是壮族劳动人民长期的生活实践和艺术智慧的结晶。它的出现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标志着壮族民间音乐发展到了一定的高度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也丰富了我国的民族民间音乐宝库。应该说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌的被发现是值得庆幸的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至于对其具体产生年代的追踪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以容待从长探索。</SPAN>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> )<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总之</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族三声部民歌是我国民间音乐的瑰宝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是壮族劳动人民的骄傲。据查</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,2 0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年前这种民歌由于种种原因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在当地几乎成为绝唱。由于民间音乐本身具有顽强的生命力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2 0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年里根本不唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但捡起来后仍然记得相当准确</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互相配合得十分默契</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这就是它顽强生命力的体现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也是民间传统一个可贵的素质。十年来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国家为了挽救民间艺术遗产</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耗费了大量的人力和资金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在全国范围内大规模地开展了包括民间音乐在内的十大集成的浩繁工程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对各种民间艺术品种、艺术门类已经或正在深入地进行着挖掘、整理和研究</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至今已是成绩卓著</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">硕果累累。这是一条有力的挽救措施</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是必须充分肯定的。但要真正避免某个民歌品种的自然消亡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还必须注意其“活”的传承</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是说还应花大力气对民间歌手不间断地加强培养和扶持。这方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">广西少数民族歌手班已做出了典范。十年中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们从民间已招收和培养了三届学员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为民族民间音乐的继承、发展和弘扬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为民族民间音乐的后继有人做出了应有的贡献。但愿一代代歌手</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不间断地为民歌的永世传承而高歌咏唱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各族民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包括壮族三声部民歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">才可能成为一颗颗永盛不衰的鲜艳木棉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN> 喝采 好!突然间有个想法:最好自己也会唱山歌,这样才不愧为壮人 嘿嘿,我是壮人,问心无愧。想学山歌找我。
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