南粤孤客 发表于 2011-9-17 10:13:00

[原创] 牛场布依族罗氏的丧葬习俗

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">牛场布依族罗氏的丧葬习俗<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></b></p></span></b></p><p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></b></p><p></p><p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></b></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">【</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">说明:这份材料是在这个暑期收集的。采访的对象是我的姨表兄陈邦亮。他长期担任寨里红白喜事的总管。在白喜里一直是做吊唁活动的司礼,很熟悉我们家乡布依族的丧礼习俗。他手上有不少丧事活动的祭辞抄本,这让我在做记录整理时省事不少。由于现代化进程导致民族传统习俗的大量快速消失,在整理这份材料时,我尽量挖掘本民族固有的习俗,其中记录的一些习俗在今天已经简化了不少。汉族和布依族有关丧俗的融合让普通人难分彼此,于文中我除了特别指明以外,还着重提示道士和麽公两个角色在丧事活动中的分工,以此区别哪些是布依族丧事习俗的固有成分,哪些是吸收汉文化的新成分。最后的“砍牛”习俗,当前还不能呈现给各位贝侬。这个习俗在我们家族消失已经六十多年了,已经没有人能记得其中的具体程序了。待明年到邻近其他姓氏的家族采访来弥补吧。总之,这份材料还不算定稿,先发到【僚人家园】让各位有兴趣的贝侬提提意见。最后,还要感谢家父和堂兄朝先、朝飞等给予的审核意见。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">】</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617133850537.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p></span></p><p>&nbsp;<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617133850537.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p><p></p><p>&nbsp;<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617133850537.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p><p><font face="宋体" size="2">牛场,抵麻乡政府驻地。近十来年,布依族罗氏大部分从附近村寨搬迁到场坝周围修建钢筋水泥房居住。小镇规模初步具备。</font></p><p><font face="宋体" size="2"></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">今天,我们能看到的惠水牛场布依族的丧葬礼俗已经是大受汉族影响而形成的习俗了。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">根据历史资料记载及族中老人传说,我们布依族在古代是行火葬,即人死后火烧,拣骨放入陶罐,或用薄棺浅埋两三年后,待尸肉完全腐烂,再将遗骨拣入陶罐。存放尸骨的陶罐又称瓮棺,一般是放在村寨附近向阳的山坡浅埋,或者放置于石山的岩夹里,所以又称为“捡骨葬”或“二次葬”。这是世界众多古老的丧葬习俗中的一种,在亚洲主要是流行于中国的长江流域以南的古代百越族群地区和中南半岛等地。明</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(嘉靖)《贵州通志.风俗》记载:“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">狆</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">家,贵(州)此类最多。习俗大约同。……居丧食鱼虾而禁鸟兽肉……《图考》云:……死丧以一伞盖墓,取雨水不侵之意,或三五年择日掘而化之,葬无定处。”意思是说我们布依族先民在老人去世的居丧期间,只准许吃鱼虾,而不准吃鸟兽等动物。人死后用伞来盖墓,意图是不让雨水淋,有的要等三五年才选日子把尸骨挖出火化,之后葬的地方不固定。这条史料没有明确说居丧不准吃猪肉。但到今天,在惠水县及其周边地区,居丧期间的饮食风俗,只罗氏不戒荤,什么肉都可以吃,而陈、杨、王、白、谢等姓氏还坚守古俗,如上面记载的那样,可以吃鱼虾,但不吃猪肉等,否则不孝,有损后代子孙</span><sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">①</span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">清代乾隆年间,爱必达主修的《黔南识略.贵阳府》记载道:“狆家,五代时马殷自邕管迁来,其中有三:一曰补龙,一曰卡龙,一曰青狆。贵阳、安顺、兴义、都匀、平越皆有之,贵阳则青狆也。……葬以雨伞遮墓上,期年而焚之。祭用枯鱼。”</span><sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt;">②</span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">这条史料里有关丧葬风俗的记载,说贵阳境内的“青狆”,人死入葬,用雨伞遮盖,一年后火化。祭祀时用枯鱼。惠水自明代隆庆三年(<span lang="EN-US">1569</span>年)后直至清代属于贵阳府管辖。说明我们惠水地区的布依族先祖到清代初期,葬俗跟明代没有多大区别,都还是行“二次葬”。其中,坟上盖伞的习俗到了今天还有,但只限于死亡的青年人。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">其实,这种习俗早在先秦时期就有了,是古代百越族群最常用的一种丧葬方式。到<span lang="EN-US">1990</span>年代初,珠江三角洲地区的越人(疍民<span lang="EN-US">)</span>后裔还盛行坛罐葬,整个珠江三角洲的沿海山地曾经是存放瓮棺(金坛)的集中地。我们牛场地区,大寨对门东侧山坡、塘根寨西侧山头、甲祥东头山坡(<span lang="EN-US">sanghngaoc</span>)、抵麻寨脚山坡(今乡卫生所)等地都是坛罐葬比较集中的地方。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">木棺土葬则主要是中原汉族的传统习俗。在今天惠水的布依族中,实行汉式葬俗最早的是羡塘乡洛浩村的罗朝相墓,该墓碑立于乾隆三年(<span lang="EN-US">1738</span>年)</span><sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 18pt;">③</span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。而</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">牛场地区的木棺土葬可能是到了<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪初的嘉庆年间才流行。现在我们能知道的牛场罗氏最早进行木棺土葬的是抵麻寨文贤公,于道光二十三年(<span lang="EN-US">1843</span>年)立碑。其次是冲窝文华公墓,于道光二十九年(<span lang="EN-US">1849</span>年)立碑。据此可以肯定,汉式丧葬习俗是在清代雍正、乾隆年间“改土归流”后,开始传入我们布依族地区。到现代,牛场地区仍然流行火葬与棺葬两种形式。非正常死亡的和患传染病死亡的都要进行火化。我们布依族认为这类死亡是不吉利的,只有火化才能驱邪除根,彻底杜绝传染病源,保证其不再传给后人。而正常死亡的则实行木棺土葬。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">总起来说,我们罗氏家族跟其他布依族人一样,完整的葬礼习俗一般要经历下列程序:一是送终(告别、整容);二是入殓(沐尸、穿寿衣、布棺、入棺、择日);三是讣告;四是守灵(救苦、娱神、哭丧);五是放客(装粮、开路、发丧、送葬、清棺、出魂、吊唁、砍炕架、叫魂、安家神);六是守孝(供灵、除灵罢服);七是安葬;八是瞻灵;九是砍牛。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(一)送终<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">老人病重,久治无效,疑其离世不远,一般都把他从平时的睡床抬到火塘旁的地铺上睡,直至离开人世。临终时刻的活动主要有两项:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、告别。子女和五服以内亲人守候,等其闭气。在其闭气前,要给临终人穿上鞋子,传说离开人世的人在路上要经过一座山,山上满地都是虫,没有鞋穿,就要被虫咬。临终人闭气后,亲人要立即在</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">其身旁(床脚)烧香、烧纸。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、整容。闭气后,亲人帮其合眼口。接着,众亲将新故亡人抬到堂屋,放在木板上。我们罗氏是将亡人脚蹬大门,头朝香火(神龛),横梁摆放(按:摆列</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">陈氏则按男左女右顺梁摆放</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。男需理发(刮光头),女需梳头。并将亡人手脚理直。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(二)入殓<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">此时,将事先备好的驮魂马(自家准备,一匹马只能充当一次驮魂马,雄雌不忌)牵到院子里,驾上马鞍,鞍上放一件逝者的半旧衣服,马尾栓上纸马,继续喂养待用。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">凡亡人一旦被抬到堂屋,就要用一张白纸将堂屋神龛上的“天地亲君师位”遮盖,待亡人上山后做“安家神”仪式时才揭开。如无则罢。由孝子、家族五服以内男性亲人、女婿等一起具体实施入殓。入殓人员的组成,由亲至疏按顺序选择,范围由亲人成员数决定,人多则范围缩小,人少则范围扩大。如果让远亲之人或者外人参与入殓,则担心被他们整蛊,即用金属物品(诸如针头、铁钉等)放进亡人身上……认为这将伤害亡人家属和后裔。另外,年庚(以年为主)与入殓时辰相冲的人要回避。入殓主要有如下步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、沐尸。派人(本家族)去跳新鲜井水洗尸,水桶中放竹叶、柏枝、桃树枝、李树枝等。习俗上,沐尸的水盆要放苦竹(<span lang="EN-US">faixbaoz</span>)枝叶,用它来洗抹亡人身体,或用一方白布(旧衣服)蘸水抹洗,一般是顺向擦三次。用过的脏水要倾倒于人不能踩踏的地方。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、给亡人</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">穿寿衣(老衣),穿单不穿双。最高规格穿九件,即穿三条裤,六件衣服。穿衣程序是从里到外,先穿三件改装衣服,再穿传统衣服(<span lang="EN-US">busgunh,</span>襟边镶滚刺绣彩带)一件,外穿绸缎衣服两件。穿裤则里穿一条改装裤,再一条传统裤(襟边镶滚刺绣彩带),外穿绸缎裤一条;男戴帽子,女戴头巾;头巾有土布一条,绸缎(纱帕)一条;扎腰带<span lang="EN-US">(</span>布料不忌<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,有多少儿媳妇扎多少条腰带。男亡人腰带于左侧打结,女亡人腰带于右侧打结。用一块方布对折成三角形缝成口袋,里面装纸钱,栓挂在亡人右胸前的纽扣上。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">寿衣穿好后,如果不能及时入棺则要用一块白布给亡人盖身,用一张白纸盖脸。以免惊吓儿童等。并要时刻看护,防止猫从亡人身上跳过。以为猫从亡人身上跳过,亡人会起身。(按:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">播哨杨氏在亡人入棺前还有个仪式:麽公手提装有稻谷的竹篮,边诵祭辞边向亡人抛洒稻谷,一旁有人随麽公的问话而应答……</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、布棺。棺材停放堂屋,清理干净后,烧石蜡封抹棺内缝隙,以防尸体腐汁渗漏。棺材内底部摆放:<span lang="EN-US">qyaamhduaz</span>——用五根或七根或九根等长的竹片摆成连续的等腰三角形,再加上一块篾笆箨。砍削一节木头做枕头。用染色土布一方块缝制成枕套,里面放芭茅草、桃李树枝、纸钱等,叠在枕木上。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、入棺——下兜上盖。用一块七尺长床单布垫底,将尸体兜放入棺材。尸体上盖一幅七尺长白布。盖布的头部中间位置要剪出一块布,让其成凹状,露出头脸。将修剪出来的块布剪成细条,分发给孝子每人一条(<span lang="EN-US">sixliex</span>),祈祷长寿发达。给亡人手中塞放纸马,男塞放左手,女塞放右手。再用纸钱塞满头部的空隙,但不能塞住耳朵,习惯认为,塞住耳朵将伤及后代听觉。接着,再将一枚用细线栓住的铜钱放入亡人口内,细线留在口外,或者将银元<span lang="EN-US">(</span>碎银<span lang="EN-US">)</span>碰触亡人嘴唇。这个铜钱(银元或碎银)布依话叫<span lang="EN-US">linxduanz</span>。将铜钱塞入(用银元或者碎银碰触)亡人口时,麽公要说:“嘴含金,牙咬银;在路上,别人喊,不答应;别人讨,不要给……”如果是银元或者碎银就立即取走,是铜钱则在发丧时(或清棺时)拉起细线抽走。入殓后,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">盖好棺盖,用石蜡和白纸密封缝隙。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">于院内鸣放铁炮,连放三响为一轮,也可连放九响一轮,放单不放双,以及放炮仗一串。此后,黎明、中饭、晚饭各鸣放一轮。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、布置灵堂。(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)棺材摆放:亡人脚登大门横梁摆放(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">按:摆列陈氏则顺梁摆放,以背对香火面对大门计,男性亡人头置左,女性亡人头放右。如摆列寨陈氏</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。棺材底摆一个装适量水的盆,盆里放一盏点燃的菜油灯,称“过桥灯”。棺材对大门一头摆放一张方桌。棺材与方桌之间挂一张灵堂画(<span lang="EN-US">benzmans</span>)。(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)祭品摆放:于方桌上放一斗谷子,上插灵牌;桌上摆一碗饭、一碗酒、一碗菜(肉或蔬菜,或两者兼有)、一双筷子,烧三支香,烧纸钱。此后,每逢吃饭时间,或撤换祭品,或添加祭品,并烧纸钱若干,香则延续不断点烧。凡出嫁的女儿或家族后代女儿每人送一竹盒饭(内装糯米饭、煎鸡蛋一个),放在棺木上。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、择日。最好是在讣告之前,就请先生选择好出殡吉日。吉日选择的原则主要是,发丧之日不能与丧事承办者的年庚(以年为主)相冲,最好是连至亲的年庚都要避免相冲。选择吉日和阴宅的一般是同一个先生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(三)讣告舅舅<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">讣告对象主要是舅家,具体说来,亡人是男性即讣告其母舅家和妻舅家,亡人是女性则讣告其丈夫的母舅家和自己的兄弟家。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">先</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">讣告母舅。派亲孝子或家族内其他孝子到舅家讣告。根据舅家至亲(一般是五服以内)户数,每户带一瓶酒、三支香、孝布一条(一幅与棺材等长的白布撕成两条或三条)。讣告者到舅家寨子,先到亲舅家讣告,如有多位舅父的则先到长房讣告,后按由长到幺一家一家次第讣告。讣告时,讣告者遇舅父于何处即下跪何处,将孝布放头顶讣告:“某某!我家某某拿眼去藏了……”舅父则随即回道:“喔……老人走了,会保佑你们子孙发达长寿,种农田则增产,做生意就兴旺……起来吧!”边说边将讣告者扶起。随后讣告者把出殡的吉日告知舅父。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、再讣告妻舅。程序与内容同上。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(四)守灵<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">入殓完毕,守灵就开始。寨子里自然形成的互助组织就立即行动起来,帮助丧家料理丧事。人死猪亦死,人死当日,丧家即请人杀猪,祭奠亡人,准备饭菜招待前来帮忙的亲戚和邻居。我们惠水布依族罗氏居丧时不戒荤(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">按:摆列陈氏则自该日起,全寨同姓家族戒荤,所有曾经粘过动物肉、油的用具都要用柴灰搓洗过</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">),有肉当吃,有酒照喝。守灵期间,每晚夜半都有宵夜。丧家至少要请一两对唢呐,轮换吹奏。守灵期间的活动主要有下列三项:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、救苦。即请道士诵《救苦经》。这是引进的汉族风俗。道士先生被请来后,他们就开始对灵堂进行整饰。如在大门、幺门、各个房间小门、堂屋中柱等张贴挽联(孝对),写灵牌、扎灵房、制引魂幡,在大门上张贴写有“当大事”的白纸等等。中、晚饭时要献饭、诵经。每天晚饭后为主家献一场《救苦经》(约一二个钟)。救苦时,道士一边敲锣打镲一边诵经,引领孝子绕棺,孝子绕棺时用的哭丧棒(作丧棒)按照老规矩是“男七女八”(为男亡人绕棺哭丧棒高七寸,为女亡人绕棺哭丧棒高八寸)。此后才接受亡人的亲戚(如女婿、舅父等)请献《救苦经》,同样孝子和亲戚也要绕棺。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、娱神。这是我们布依族的传统习俗。活动主力是年轻人,活动内容主要有三种,一是“打粑棒”,即跳粑棒舞;二是“打花猫”,即男女青年用锅底黑灰互相偷抹脸庞;三是敲击铜鼓。娱神为即兴活动,不受时间限制,惟铜鼓的使用相对严肃,具体情形至今已不能知晓。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、哭丧。出嫁女于灵前哭诉逝者养育之恩……<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617153960030.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p><p><font size="3">冲窝罗公文华坟墓,是牛场罗氏家族比较早的汉式墓葬,墓碑立于清道光二十九年(公元1849年)。<br/></font></p><p><br/></p><p></p><br/>
[此贴子已经被作者于2012-5-6 17:37:55编辑过]

那迷 发表于 2011-9-19 19:38:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>沙南曼森</i>在2011-9-19 1:19:16的发言:</b><br/><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>那迷</i>在2011-9-18 12:14:13的发言:</b><br/><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>牛场?</strong></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>看来是以前放牛的地方</strong></span></p><img title="僚人家园" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="http://www.rauz.net.cn/bbs/Skins/Default/emot/em02.gif" align="middle" border="0" style="CURSOR: pointer;"/></div><p>牛场,就是牛圩。西南官话,赶场就是赶圩的意思。</p><p>除了牛场,云南、贵州、四川等地还有马场、羊场、猪场、鸡场等地名。</p></div><p>我们那里确实是“放牛的地方”,很宽广的一片山岭。</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2011-9-19 19:40:26编辑过]

萝卜 发表于 2011-9-19 10:12:00

我发现跟我们的一样的,只是有的环节不怎么理解。<br/>从壮话翻译过来的会有区别。

那迷 发表于 2011-9-18 12:14:00

<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>牛场?</strong></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>看来是以前放牛的地方</strong></span></p>

度莫 发表于 2011-9-18 09:37:00

<font size="4">好资料!</font>

gangjdoj 发表于 2011-9-18 09:42:00

<p>很有价值。。加油。。</p>

干笑 发表于 2011-9-19 08:37:00

很详细,我那里死者的孩子及儿媳不准吃荤,用花生油代替猪油炒菜……

沙南曼森 发表于 2011-9-19 01:19:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>那迷</i>在2011-9-18 12:14:13的发言:</b><br/><p><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;;"><strong>牛场?</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;;"><strong>看来是以前放牛的地方</strong></span></p><img title="僚人家园" align="middle" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="Skins/Default/emot/em02.gif" border="0" style="cursor: pointer;;"/></div><p>牛场,就是牛圩。西南官话,赶场就是赶圩的意思。</p><p>除了牛场,云南、贵州、四川等地还有马场、羊场、猪场、鸡场等地名。</p>

南粤孤客 发表于 2011-9-17 10:38:00

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体" size="2"></font></p></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(五)放客<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">放客之日,即出殡的日子,也是白喜宴客的日子。该日,四乡亲朋应约来吊唁。丧家在本寨亲朋的帮助下,杀猪、派席、摆酒宴请前来吊唁的各路亲朋好友。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、装粮。由道士先生主持,大约于黎明前的四五点钟举行。丧家事先蒸好一甑糯米(一般为四<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="升" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>五升<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>)饭,备好一尊马脖陶罐,以及五色布(五块不同颜色一尺见方的土布)和五色线。道士敲鼓、打镲诵经,另一助手往陶罐里装糯米,直至接近装满才止,洒酒曲,并搅拌均匀,将剩余糯米饭每人一团分派给所有孝子。再于陶罐口烧纸钱若干,任由灰烬覆盖。罐口盖上五色布,用五色线捆绑扎紧,再盖上一个缸钵。至此,装粮结束。该梁罐习称“粮阴罐”。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、开路。(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)道士开路:道士于灵前诵开路经,一名孝子自始自终跟随,当道士诵经作揖时跟着作揖。该项活动大约一个小时。(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)麽公开路:布依族传统的开路(<span lang="EN-US">goxmbaaih</span>)。请老麽公来祭奠新故亡人和族中先逝者。该项活动可在出殡前一刻举行,也可提前一日举行。麽公在棺材前摆放一张方桌,桌上三面(缺麽公身前一面)连放一圈碗,每个碗添适当米酒,桌中摆放一碗猪肉</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(按:摆列陈氏不摆猪肉,而是摆放一条鱼(或枯鱼</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">)、豆腐、蔬菜等。麽公即诵请新故亡人来享用祭品,再诵请先逝者来享用祭品。按照族中先逝者的死亡时间顺序,先请新故亡人,后请旧亡人;先请本房先人,后请外房先人。麽公能记得多少族中亡人就诵请多少。麽公诵请结束,在几名助手的协助下,将祭品搬到邻居家里吃,丧家孝子不参与,不能吃。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(按:摆列陈氏则不同,同寨每户一人,不论男女都来共享祭祀用过的供品,该供品不能有猪肉、猪油,只能吃鱼肉、豆腐、煮黄豆等,故俗语说“罗吃肉,陈吃斋”。而且要在棺材旁吃。)<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、发丧。一般习惯是请谁(阴阳先生)看阴宅就是谁来主持发丧。此时,年庚(以年为主)与发丧时辰相冲的人要回避,众乡亲和孝子则围在棺材旁静侯。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)麽公发丧。这是我们布依族的习俗。麽公头戴斗笠,念诵:“……<span lang="EN-US">aol gaih fansbians</span>,<span lang="EN-US">aol gaih riansxaanz</span>……(用鸡来摔棺材墙,用鸡来移亡人房)”,诵毕,就将一鸡仔对着棺材墙摔死后甩向门外。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)阴<personname wst="on" productid="阳"></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>阳<personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>先生发丧。棺材上摆放一碗柴灰,一把斧头,一只大公鸡。先生先咬鸡冠出血,用鸡血在棺材头(大的一头)画“佛”字,再扯几根鸡毛粘贴在棺材的血迹上,接着诵《发丧经》:<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此鸡!此鸡!不是非凡鸡!头戴红冠子,身穿五色绿毛衣。别人买你无用处,孝家拿做发丧鸡。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">天皇皇,地皇皇,玉皇差我发亡丧。亡者归天去,孝男孝女得安康。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">天无忌,地无忌;年无忌,月无忌;日无忌,时无忌。百无禁忌!今时发丧,大吉大利!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">天灵灵,地灵灵,亡者听我说原因,离了阳间吩咐你,甲子终了丧报灵。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">一辞孝男孝女,二辞孝子和孝孙,三辞邻里和九族,四辞家龛与福禄,五辞朋友和亲戚。辞别了你要起身,在路行程有钱许,拦路野鬼各藏身;百般食物交待你,冥中收用万万春。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">送一里,去一里,不要抬头望这里;送一程,去一程,不要抬头望这村。父母恩爱终有别,夫妻意重也分离。非是吾师来说断,自古留生不留死。孝男孝女,富贵双全,子孙发达,入学中举,文武显赫,代代幸福。左有青龙,右有白虎,前有朱雀,后有玄武。一起东方甲乙木,重丧孝服出不出?(众呼:出!)二起南方丙丁火,重丧孝服躲不躲?(众呼:躲!)三起西方庚辛金,重丧孝服行不行?(众呼:行!)四起北方壬癸水,重丧孝服起不起?(众呼:起!)五起中央戊己土,重丧孝服出不出?(众呼:出!)两排金刚齐动力,如若不听吾师令,霹雳斩断不留情。南斗六星,北斗七星,吾奉太上老君急急如律令:起!(众呼:起!)<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">先生立即拿起斧头砸粹棺材上的灰碗,众人和声喊“起!”即抬棺材出大门,放院子里等待绑扎龙杠。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)发丧当时,当众人呼“起!”将棺材抬出门的瞬间,立即有人面对全寨高呼:“<span lang="EN-US">daih gaolmaaih luos!</span>……(踢送亡架喽!)”此前,寨中各户<span lang="EN-US">(</span>或房族各户<span lang="EN-US">)</span>事先在院子里用三根木棍绑成一个三角架,架上放一只畚箕,里面放适量柴(草)灰,一棵禾麻(荨麻),一把镰刀。一听到这个呼喊,各家各户面向太阳落山的方向踢翻这个三脚架。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(按:摆列陈氏则于麽公开路结束时举行这个仪式,此刻铁炮被点响、唢呐吹奏、孝女哭丧,各户代表围桌吃斋……发丧当日,摆列陈氏还要举行开荤(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">jiesxaail</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">)仪式:由麽公在堂屋香火下主祭,孝子下跪听麽公致祭。祭毕,孝子先吃猪肉……此后,全寨开荤。)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此时,铁炮放响,炮仗燃放。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">招魂<span lang="EN-US">(raizwaanl)</span>。也就是唤回被惊吓的丧家生人的灵魂。该仪式也是在发丧后立即举行。棺材一出门,家族里就有一两个妇女帮丧家清扫堂屋、火塘等。同时,寨上的一个老妇人或巫婆就来招魂。她手指尖抟住一个鸡蛋,脚蹬大门坎,对着门外呼唤(唱):“转回来啊!某某的灵魂、某某的生魂……”把丧家所有生人的灵魂都呼唤遍了,祈福的辞唱完了,手指尖的鸡蛋就回落掌心,招魂即结束。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、送葬。众乡亲找来龙杠(一般是<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">5</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>长的一对杉木柱),置于棺材两边绑扎好。此时,棺材上要盖一张幛,上栓一只踩丧鸡(大公鸡,到墓地后丧家拿回)。送丧队伍的组成:众乡亲抬起棺材(一般是八抬,孝子不抬)往前走,棺材后有喇叭队、鼓乐队、亲朋好友(其中有一人抱着粮阴罐)等跟随,各类鼓乐手边走边吹奏。棺材前,孝子一人拿灵牌,其前是其他孝子手杵哭丧棒,再前有一孝女肩挑一挑被子,女婿一人牵一匹驮魂马(<span lang="EN-US">maxjuaangl</span>),女婿或孝子一人手拿火把,一人举引魂幡等。众孝子边退边走,还边撒买路钱(草纸钉制)。遇路窄或上坡下坎、或换人抬棺的时候,要回身向棺材下跪一阵。如是再走再跪,直至墓地。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、清棺。棺材被抬到墓地后,孝子要清棺。清棺时必须是至亲孝子操作,他人不得染指。众孝子将一块白布(布幔)撑起罩住棺材,才打开棺盖,提起亡人嘴边的细线取出铜钱,再查看亡人有无其他异常,如发现尸体倾斜、衣物凌乱等则需扶正、理顺。一切如同入殓状态后才将棺盖拉至接近原位,但必须留有少许缝隙,待举行“出魂”仪式。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、出魂。道士先生敲鼓、打镲,诵《出魂经》:<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">伏谒!命因前世修,生死二字莫强求。有钱难买三千界,百年山上葬荒丘。公元享某寿新故显考(妣)某某,昨日在阳,今朝在阴,口中无气,眼中无泪,排列井前,礼行出魂。子丑寅卯,辰巳午未,申酉戌亥。生魂出,死魂入,亡者死魂入棺木,生魂渺渺上青天,死魂渐渐入棺木。孝男孝女,诸亲百客,端公道士,石木二匠,百艺师人,牛马鸡猪鹅鸭。生魂出,死魂入。生魂不出,祖师押出;死魂不入,祖师押入。孝家合木,百事大吉!<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">出魂结束,才将棺盖盖严。粮阴罐则按照男左女右(以亡人计)放置棺材一侧。如当日可安葬,则与棺材一同埋入土里。当日不能安葬的,露天摆放。棺材须盖上稻草,防日晒雨淋。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在送葬队伍回来前,丧家在门口放一盆水,一根火柴头,一把刀。送丧回来的人都要从这些东西上跨过,以示驱邪除魔。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、吊唁。放客当日,各路亲戚率领乡亲前来吊唁,场面相当热闹。其中的重头戏是迎接舅父(母舅、妻舅)及其来客。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)迎舅。舅家来吊唁,按照布依族的习惯,舅父要邀请本村寨的亲友相陪而来,队伍往往比较庞大,少则十来人以下,多则五六十人以上。舅父要送活猪一头(一般是刚满双月的猪仔),一只鸡(或鸭、或鹅)、金童玉女一对(纸扎)、金山银山(纸制品)、一挑米饭、米酒(一头饭笼里装<span lang="EN-US">5</span>斤左右糯米饭,另一头坛罐里装<span lang="EN-US">4</span>左右斤米酒)、幛一幅(白布长<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="170" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">170</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>、宽<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="90" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">90</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>)。相伴而来的亲朋则每人陪送幛一幅。幛面要贴一张纸,上书写幛文,再用木棍撑起幛布,如竖垂的旗帜。离丧家一两里即吹奏唢呐、放铁炮(放单不放双),以示舅家吊丧队伍到来。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">闻讯舅家来到,丧家则组织队伍前往迎接。孝子们倾巢出动:大孝子手捧灵牌,次孝子手拿引魂幡;另一青年孝子牵驮魂马一匹,马鞍上放亡人穿过的衣服一件(在上世纪中叶前,马鞍上放的是用稻草捆扎的假人穿着亡人的衣服);一孝女抬一挑被子;其他人拿幛数幅;其余孝子则手杵哭丧棒前往,唢呐队跟随吹奏;铁炮也跟随放响,但每轮放响次数不能超过舅家。全部孝子均身穿孝衣,头戴孝帕,脚穿草鞋,鞋带上扎一条白布,甚者赤脚。来到舅家队伍面前相距十来步,全体孝子立即下跪。舅家长者上前扶起大孝子,安慰数句,全体孝子才起立,让出道路,静候舅家队伍先走,才在后面跟随护送。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">舅家亲友到家,立即被分派到邻居各户吃饭。招待舅家来客吃饭的这些邻居,其居住地点必须高过丧家。随后,如果舅家有舅娘到来,则要清理灵堂,请她们到丧家,端坐堂屋,再吃一餐饭。该餐要吃糯米饭,蒸糯米饭的甑子用孝布绑一圈才抬到堂屋。该餐饭布依话叫<span lang="EN-US">genlbiehbah</span>。对舅家男客,则原地再加一轮饭。丧家孝子要来敬酒。一般是于舅父身后下跪,头顶<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="170" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">170</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>长孝布一幅,待舅父安慰扶起后,孝子再给席上的每位客人斟酒。舅父则将该幅孝布撕下一半,将其再撕成相等的布条分给席上的来客,另一半则留给丧家。吃罢这轮饭,假如新故亡人是高龄去世,舅家来客会在吃完饭后各自在碗里装上糯米饭和肉打包就走,但一户来客只能“偷”拿一个碗。此外,其他来客也要“偷”丧家的碗。寓意祈求长寿。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">对舅家来客,丧家要每人派发孝布,与新故亡人同辈或辈份高过的可以不戴孝布。凡送大礼的(送活猪仔以上)则每人(户)送孝衣一件。用竹笼装送糯米饭的则要留一团糯米饭回赠。我们牛场罗氏不宰杀亲戚送来的活猪仔,而是留着自家喂养。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)司礼、读嘱。一般是由村寨里的识字者充任。司礼一人,读嘱一人。司礼的职责是当亲朋好友前来吊唁时在灵堂做主持。此间,孝子要在灵堂画(<span lang="EN-US">benzmans</span>)背后侯客,随司礼指令活动。读嘱的职责相对简单,只于其间唱读</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">幛</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">文而已。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">内外寂静,来客祭礼,主祭者就位!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">鞠躬,跪!叩首!二叩首!三叩首!兴伏!兴伏!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者上香。初上香,二上香,三上香。以香插于金</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">炉。祭者恭敬在其颜,金炉且把信香传。香烟围绕灵魂殿,薄奠容颜致严(慈)颜。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以帛化(烧纸钱)。初帛化,二化帛,三化帛。以帛凭于火化。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">西山竹子甚高强,蔡伦阳间造纸张,要得亡魂来降客,永佑儿女福寿长。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以爵(酒)奠。初奠爵,二奠爵,三奠爵。以爵奠于灵前。甘露葡萄酒,一滴杜康留,亡魂若得味,莲步上云州。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以肴(肉)献。初献肴,二献肴,三献肴。以肴献于灵前。宝鼎调成美味香,龙肝凤胆在中央,要得亡魂尝一片,保佑儿孙福安康(逍遥快乐往西方)。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以食(糯米饭)献。初献食,二献食,三献食。以食献于灵前。神龙制谷予人间,上度阴阳万万年;亡魂若得登仙界,以作途粮上九天。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以刚鬣(猪)献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以柔毛(羊)献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以德禽(鸡、)献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以家凫(鸭、鹅)献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以果品献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以金山银山(纸制品)献。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">执祀者以金童玉女(一对纸人)献。亡魂渺渺上天堂,对对金童来接引,双双玉女共扶持。金山银山排左右,白鹤狮象喜来迎。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">俯伏!听读嘱文(念幛文)。例:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 104.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 207pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td width="252" valign="top" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 189pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 207pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 37.5pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">公<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">元<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 37.5pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">仙<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">某<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 7.5pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">孝<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>寿<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>恭<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 37.5pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">子<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>鹤<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>某<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 7.5pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">某<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>某<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>挽<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 37.5pt 0pt 0cm; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">某<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span>西<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span>老<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 30pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">顿<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>哀<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>孺大<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 30pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">首 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>尚<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span>哀<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>去<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>人人<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 35.25pt 0pt 0cm; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">拜<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span>飨<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>仙<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 35.25pt 0pt 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">奠<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>逝<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">兴伏!兴伏!兴伏!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">叩首!二叩首!三叩首!六叩首!九叩首!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">平身!礼毕,退位!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">孝子出帷谢客!<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、砍炕架(<span lang="EN-US">fanzjiah</span>)。发丧结束,清扫堂屋后,如果新故亡人是女性,砍炕架的仪式随即举行。亡人兄弟(舅父,或情人装扮)一人头戴斗笠,身披蓑衣,手拿柴刀站在大门(门已被丧家关闭)外,拍打着门板高叫:“姑妈!姑妈!开门啊……”屋里的丧家亲人则告以姑妈刚刚离世……进屋后,舅父神情悲痛不已,来到火塘旁举起柴刀就猛砍悬吊炕架的竹条绳,边砍边责怪外甥没有及时通报相关消息……直至砍断炕架三条吊绳,剩下一条吊着炕架才止。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、安家神。出丧后,必须安家神,意思是请先祖们回神龛就位。这个习俗大概是受汉族影响而形成。安家神的时机一般是选发丧当日。祭品普通,有一块刀头(手掌大小的一块猪肉),碗装饭菜、米酒等即可。假如是在刚入伙的新房里安家神,则必须有一只大公鸡。由道士诵《安家神祭辞》,其间,将盖住香火上“天地君亲师位”的白纸揭开。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(六)守孝<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、供灵。自发丧之日起至除灵罢服之日,为守孝期,一般为一个月。供灵期间,于堂屋神龛下摆放方桌一张,桌上放装满稻谷的木方斗,上插灵牌、纸人,桌上摆果品、食肉、米酒等祭品。神龛墙上挂至亲送来的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">幛一幅</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">和引魂幡。每日早、中、晚吃饭时间换祭品(主要是饭、肉、酒)烧纸钱若干。烧香不断,蜡烛常燃。其间,头三日,每日旁晚,孝子要给新故亡人送饭(祭品)祭奠。第一日到棺材旁烧火、摆放祭品(饭菜食肉)祭奠;第二日退至半路烧火、摆放祭品祭奠;第三日于村头寨脚烧火、摆放祭品祭奠。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、除灵罢服。请先生选择吉日。于发丧之后一月内,必须除灵罢服。除灵,即烧灵。由麽公主持,将丧事中所有非食品类祭奠用品,如灵房、纸人、纸马、引魂幡等物焚烧。一般于堂屋烧灵,如祭品过多则于院子里烧灵。烧灵时,麽公致简单的祭辞。罢服,即洗孝衣、孝帕。该日,邀至亲(母舅、妻舅、女婿、姑父等)参与。亲戚每户要送一只鸡(公母均可),放一封炮竹。随后烧水洗衣,洗衣盆要滴一只鸡的几滴血。众亲友将孝衣、孝帕入盆一起洗。麽公主祭,致祭辞。祭品主要是鸡和酒。丧家则宰杀各户送来的鸡,请众亲友吃饭喝酒。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此后不再穿孝衣。守孝至此结束。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(七)安葬<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)择地。请阴<personname wst="on" productid="阳"></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>阳<personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>先生选择阴宅。我们家乡盛行的是数理派的阴阳理论。看风水是一门很高深的学问,本乡本土各代都有一两个喜好钻研堪舆术且功底不错的风<personname wst="on" productid="水"></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>水<personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname><personname></personname>先生。在我们家族,上世纪下半叶数冗乍的万邦公有名。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)破土。须准备下列工具和祭品:三柱香,三张纸钱,一对蜡烛,一瓶酒,三个碗装酒,一块刀头,一只公鸡,一只畚箕,一把锄头。先生诵《破土祭辞》:<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此鸡!此鸡!不是非凡鸡!头戴金冠子,身穿五色花花衣。白天昆仑上上叫,夜晚王母脚下啼。别人买你无用处,孝家拿做破土鸡!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">土神!土神!东南西北地脉龙神!主家叫我捧起你,将你吉地葬亡人。福地留给福人得,主家富贵又双全。子孙发达,入学中举。天无忌,地无忌,年无忌,月无忌,日无忌,时无忌,百无禁忌!主家大吉大利。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">一锄挖你东方甲乙木,主家进官又进禄;二锄挖你南方丙丁火,主家代代进财宝;三锄挖你西方庚辛金,主家发子又发孙;四锄挖你北方壬癸水,主家代代发富贵;五锄挖你中央戊己土,主家代代状元出。破土已毕,万事大吉!<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">接着挖圹井。孝子先挖几锄,众人才跟随。以平地计,一般挖深<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">30</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>,长<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="260" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">260</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>,宽<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="150" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">150</span>厘米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>。随后,于矿井中央,用朱砂、雄磺混合粉画八卦图,并于圹井的棺材头地面写“天仓”,棺材脚地面写“地库”。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)跳井。事先准备一只大公鸡。先生双手捧大公鸡,诵《跳井祭辞》:<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此鸡!此鸡!不是非凡鸡!头戴金冠子,身穿五色绿毛衣。白天昆仑上上叫,夜晚王母脚下啼。别人买你无用处,孝家拿做跳井鸡。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">鸡跳东,主家子孙代代坐朝中;鸡跳南,主家子孙代代管江山;鸡跳西,主家子孙代代穿官衣;鸡跳北,主家子孙代代发大财;鸡跳中,主家子孙代代好兴隆。跳井已毕,万事大吉!<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">随即,将大公鸡摔进圹井里。鸡扇翅、拉屎才吉利。接着,众人抬棺材入井。先生校对坐向,将棺材头(大)放里,棺材脚(小)在外,让亡人背靠高山面向远方顺来龙仰躺。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)撒土。孝子身后扎围腰,背向棺材跪拜于棺材脚,先生诵《撒土祭辞》:<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">土在土中,金银重重;土是金,土是宝。一把撒东方甲乙木,二把撒</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">南方丙丁火,三把撒西方庚辛金,四把撒北方壬癸水,五把撒中央戊己土。主家要富要贵?(众呼:要富也要,贵也要,富贵双全!)孝男孝女生魂出(众呼:出!)。三亲六戚生魂出(众呼:出!)寨邻老幼生魂出(众呼:出!)。牛马六畜生魂出(众呼:出!)。亡魂入棺木(众呼:入!)。撒土已毕,万事大吉!<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">亲友两人于孝子身后各站一边,手提孝子围腰脚成兜装,先生向围腰兜里撒几把泥土,随后孝子在亲友的协助下,跪着沿棺材脊后退至棺材头,才放下围腰里的泥土盖在棺材上。接着,用锄头于棺材两边各挖三锄泥土,才请众亲友帮助盖土堆坟。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此前,丧家在门口放一盆水,一根火柴头,一把刀。从墓地回来的人都要从这些东西上跨过,以示驱邪除魔。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">5</span>)招山买地。即为亡人坟地举行招唤来龙、购买阴宅的仪式。请道士诵《招龙祭辞》和《谢山土祭辞》。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">6</span>)立碑。碑石打制完成后,就选择吉日立碑。该日,亲戚朋友要来送礼、帮忙。立碑当日,须准备下列祭品:三柱香,三张纸钱,一对蜡烛,一瓶酒,三个碗装酒,一块刀头。先生在坟旁摆好祭品,先点一对蜡烛,接着烧纸钱,诵《立碑祭辞》:<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此鸡!此鸡!不是非凡鸡!头戴红冠子,身穿五色绿毛衣。白天昆仑上上叫,夜晚王母脚下啼。别人买你无用处,主家拿做点碑鸡。鸡血点碑头,主家代代做公侯;鸡血点碑身,主家代代发子又发孙;鸡血点碑脚,主家银子用马驮;鸡血点到</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">东方甲乙木,主家子孙代代衣食足;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">鸡血点到南方丙丁火,主家代代进财宝;鸡血点到西方庚辛金,主家代代官禄进;鸡血点到北方壬癸水,主家吉祥又富贵;鸡血点到中央戊己土,主家文武双全样样有。天无忌,地无忌,年无忌,月无忌,日无忌,时无忌。姜太公在此,百无禁忌!主家大吉大利!点碑已毕,万事大吉!(众呼:起!)<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">此刻,大家立即动手立碑。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(八)瞻灵<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">这是我们布依族独有的风俗,意思是瞻仰亡人灵位,祭祀逝者亡魂。时间为丧事后头年<chsdate wst="on" year="2011" month="2" day="3" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False"></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate>正月初一<chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate><chsdate></chsdate>。各户内亲送一只鸡、一条肉(三四两)、一封炮仗、三枝香、三张纸钱。众亲友又相聚祭祀新故亲人。杀鸡祭奠,魔公简单致祭。祭毕,吃饭喝酒!<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(九)砍牛<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">(待补)<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(十)其他<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)外死者。凡不是在家死亡的都视为非正常死亡。这样死亡的人,称为“冷尸”,传统上是不准冷尸进家,只能在屋檐下搭盖灵堂举办丧事。假如让冷尸进家,认为将伤害到家里的亲人和后代子孙,各方面都将不顺意。但这个习俗自上世纪八十年代后开始被打破。如大寨菜园乔国死在雅水医院,抬回家后在他新建楼房的堂屋里举办丧事。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)年青人死亡。不论是在家死还是外死,家族里的亲朋好友、死者的同年(老庚)等要给亡人送花,恋人还要送刺绣作品、布鞋、鞋垫等。所送的“花”是用彩纸捆扎的,类似摇钱树的形状。跟“做桥”祭祀花神,乞讨花神赐子的“纸花”基本相同。死者下葬或未下葬,其坟头或棺材都要插一把纸伞。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)童孩死亡。讲究的通常用薄棺浅埋,否则就用席子一张一裹,挖个坑入土埋葬了事。坟头要覆盖一只撮箕,一个空碗。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)凶死(<span lang="EN-US">dailqyah</span>)。在十九世纪初期之前,我们牛场罗氏处理亡人的方式是火化,捡骨葬。自从汉式葬俗传入后,火葬和土葬并行。火葬方式被边缘化,土葬逐渐成主流。一百多年来,凡被他人害死,患传染病死,在外意外伤亡,被毒蛇猛兽咬死等的都视为特殊。这类死亡,布依话称为<span lang="EN-US">dailyqah</span>(凶死),举办丧事过后,都要火化。火化地点就在下葬处。用山上的柴薪连同棺材一起焚烧,然后捡遗骨入坛罐埋葬。有发丧当日火化的,也有让棺材在野外摆放一两年后才选择吉日火化的。此后,还要选择吉日“破地狱”,布依话叫<span lang="EN-US">rusjiaos</span>(取回亡人身魂)。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><p></p></span></u></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">注释:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">①惠水县布依族学会编:《惠水布依族》,贵州民族出版社<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月第<span lang="EN-US">1</span>版第<span lang="EN-US">103</span>页。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">②爱必达主修《黔南识略》,杜文铎等点校,贵州人民出版社<span lang="EN-US">1992</span>年第<span lang="EN-US">1</span>版第<span lang="EN-US">28</span>页。引文中的“仲”为点校者擅改,引用时恢复原貌:“狆”。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">③惠水县布依族学会编:《惠水布依族》,贵州民族出版社<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月第<span lang="EN-US">1</span>版第<span lang="EN-US">17</span>页。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><br/></p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617193237388.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /></p><p><font face="宋体" size="2">牛场场坝。场坝中间的翠柏树已有近300年的树龄,在惠水县属于极其少有的树种,均于布依族村寨附近生长。为人工种植。是牛场的历史见证。早在清代初年牛场就是惠水县九大乡场之一,逢丑(牛)未(羊)日赶场。图中广场面积约3000平方米。图片顶部为抵麻乡中心学校(一至九年级)。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></b></p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617205315630.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p><br/><font size="3">布依族传统丧葬用品——灵堂画。该灵堂画为冗乍寨罗氏共有,是当代作品。<br/></font><br/>
[此贴子已经被作者于2012-5-6 17:45:54编辑过]

南粤孤客 发表于 2011-9-17 10:46:00

<p></p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/2012561731648186.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2012-5/20125617322192533.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /></p><p><br/><font size="3">此为牛场罗氏最好的两栋洋楼。前者为于乡场开杂货店的老板修建,后者为外出打工的年轻夫妇修建。<br/></font></p><br/>
[此贴子已经被作者于2012-5-6 17:33:43编辑过]

hyxtylove 发表于 2012-5-15 11:54:00

<p>很好的习俗资料-----------</p><p></p>

莫名 发表于 2012-5-7 13:58:00

<p>贝侬有心了</p><p>非常珍贵啊</p>

EWEI 发表于 2012-5-6 18:31:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>干笑</i>在2011-9-19 8:37:25的发言:</b><br/>很详细,我那里死者的孩子及儿媳不准吃荤,用花生油代替猪油炒菜……</div><p></p>

越僚 发表于 2012-5-29 09:47:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>那迷</i>在2011-9-19 19:38:08的发言:</b><br/><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>沙南曼森</i>在2011-9-19 1:19:16的发言:</b><br/><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>那迷</i>在2011-9-18 12:14:13的发言:</b><br/><p><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;;"><strong>牛场?</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 18pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;;"><strong>看来是以前放牛的地方</strong></span></p><img title="僚人家园" align="middle" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="http://www.rauz.net.cn/bbs/Skins/Default/emot/em02.gif" border="0" style="cursor: pointer;;"/></div><p>牛场,就是牛圩。西南官话,赶场就是赶圩的意思。</p><p>除了牛场,云南、贵州、四川等地还有马场、羊场、猪场、鸡场等地名。</p></div><p>我们那里确实是“放牛的地方”,很宽广的一片山岭。</p><br/><div align="right"><font color="#808080">[此贴子已经被作者于2011-9-19 19:40:26编辑过]</font></div></div><p>贵州布依族地区赶集是以甲子记日,牛场来源于丑日场,丑属牛。所以贵州有很多地名以这种方式命名,如马场、兔场等,</p>

大俚国民 发表于 2012-7-12 16:12:00

与吴川习俗大体相同。。。。。。。。
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