[原创]壮族的奇特支系------敏敖壮
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族的奇特支系——敏敖壮</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">淡水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两三年,居住在那坡县讲敏话和讲敖话的壮族名声在外,其中敏敖壮山村之一的城厢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">镇吞力屯还成了新的旅游景点。这得益于官方的大力推介和媒体的大力宣传。我在这里透露</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不为县外人士所知的一些“内幕”。</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 16.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 16.05pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 民间不叫黑衣壮</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">官方和媒体对外都把讲敏话和讲敖话的壮族统称为黑衣壮。而在当地民间,壮族老百姓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般是不这样称呼的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无论是在那坡县,还是在与那坡县相邻的靖西县和云南富宁县,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个支系的壮族人要</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">么穿蓝衣服,要么穿黑衣服。尽管讲敏话和讲敖话的壮族在当地的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个壮族支系中最有壮</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族特色,他们所穿的黑衣服与另外</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个支系的壮族人所穿的衣服有明显的不同,很有自已</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族支系特色,但仅从外表上去喊做黑衣壮,也难以突出敏敖壮的特色,尤其是在远处看</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都穿黑衣服的时候,很难区分是哪个支系的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学者说过,民族文化不仅影响族群内部成员的思维模式,也影响族群内部成员人格的形</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成。而语言是民族文化的重要组成部分,理所当然是族群的重要标志。很多情况下,民族习</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">俗和民族性格,是通过语言表达出来的。讲敏话和讲敖话的壮族语言是两个壮族支系的先民</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在劳动与生产中产生并传承下来的,归属壮侗语族壮傣语支。敏话和敖话是这两个以黑为美</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的族群文化精华之所在,不仅是日常交际的工具,而且是区分这两个壮族支系与其他十个壮</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族支系的带有“身份”性质的重要标志,具有根本性的文化价值。敏话和敖话与众不同,吐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音清亮,音调悦耳,语气委婉含蓄,讲究礼节。其音调</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音色</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">谈吐自成风格。用敏话和敖话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所唱的山歌十分有名,特别是“过山腔”另外</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个壮族支系都传唱。正因为无论是在远处</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是在近处,只要听其音就很容易区分对方是奇特的壮族支系,所以,民间老百姓习惯从语</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">言上把讲敏话的壮族人叫做敏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布敏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黑敏,把讲敖话的壮族人叫做敖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布敖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">囊敖。从尊重民</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">间习惯和便于区别他们与县内外大多数穿黑衣服的壮族人的不同这两个方面来考虑,我觉得</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是叫做敏敖壮为好。由于讲敏话的壮族人比讲敖话的壮族人多,因此,也可以统称为黑敏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮。</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144.55pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 9.0; mso-char-indent-size: 16.05pt" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并非那坡县独有</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">官方在推介和媒体在宣传的时候,都异口同声地说:黑衣壮居住在那坡县。这一说法有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">失偏颇。其实,敏敖壮不是那坡县独有,在与那坡县相邻的广西靖西县安德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南坡等乡镇和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">云南富宁县田蓬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郎恒等乡镇也有,只不过是居住在那坡县境内的敏敖壮相对来说很多而已。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三地敏敖壮的语言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山歌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服饰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">住宅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产用具</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">婚嫁等生活习惯都相同,只不过是靖西和富宁</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的敏敖壮一般不兴跳舞而已。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三县的敏敖壮多数居住在大石山区,从事农业生产,以种植玉米</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小麦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">红薯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">豆类为主,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">住的是木瓦结构的房屋,唱的是过山腔等让民俗学者和专业音乐工作者都称奇的山歌。穿的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是用蓝靛染过的手工缝制的棉布黑衣服:男人上身穿的是前盖大襟黑上衣,下身穿的是宽裤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大裤头的黑裤子;女人上身穿的是右盖大襟和葫芦状短矮圆领的紧身黑上衣,颈上戴银</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项链等饰物,衣角</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">袖口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">裙边镶捆上红色或黄色的小布条,下身以宽裤脚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大裤头的黑裤子相</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">搭配,头戴折叠成火棱形图样的黑色长条大头巾,头巾的两端分别垂挂到双肩上。妇女们服</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">饰浓黑之中透着清雅,表现了她们朴素而又独特的审美观。敏敖壮这种最为传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最有特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">别具内涵的黑色服饰被人们称作壮族服饰的活化石。我想,今后在宣传和推介敏敖壮时,宜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说主要居住在那坡县,靖西和富宁县也有。这才客观公正。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 128.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0; mso-char-indent-size: 16.05pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为何迟迟才宣传</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千百年来,壮族中最奇特的支系——敏敖壮,就杂居在广西与云南相邻的那坡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">靖西</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">富</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宁三县的千山万壑中,人口有几万人。他们以黑为美,以黑色作为服饰和族群的标志。在壮</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族中,敏敖壮民俗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民风很古朴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很丰富</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很厚重,保存得最完整</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最典型,很有研究价值。这</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">样神秘的族群,为何直到本世纪初才掀起盖头来呢?这与官方的认识和作为有很大的关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上个世纪五十年代以来,那坡县历届县委</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县政府及县委宣传部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县民委的领导者都极力</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">推介城厢镇达腊村彝族这个牌子,每年四月的彝族跳弓节,县里都有领导者和文秘人员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">影人员前去捧场,县里也曾请县外的记者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文艺工作者和民俗工作者到达腊村采风。但结果</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都不见有多大的影响。这不得不引起县里领导者和文化工作者的思考。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上世纪九十年代初,县文化局领导者和工艺工作者就有意要打造敏敖壮这一品牌。但是,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县委</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县政府领导者没有达成共识。九十年代后期,县委</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县政府领导班子换了人员,县委书</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">记农敏坚提出要创建黑衣壮民族文化品牌,县委</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县政府的领导者对此达成共识。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,由广西民俗摄影协会和那坡县政府联合主办的《神秘的那坡》民俗风情</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄影展在南宁市朝阳花园举行。这次摄影展旨在展现那坡县神秘而独特的民俗风情,打造黑</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">衣壮文化品牌,开发极具旅游价值的民俗资源,弘扬民族优秀文化。开幕式上,敏敖壮合唱</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">团成员展开嘹亮的歌喉,吸引了大批观众驻足观赏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一炮打响以后,更坚定了那坡县委</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县政府及县委宣传部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县文化局</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">县旅游局领导者要</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">做好敏敖壮文章的信心。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,在南宁民歌艺术节开幕式晚会上,那坡县的敏敖壮</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歌手以其别具一格的黑色服饰和多声部无伴奏合唱,深深地打动了在场和电视机前的广大观</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众。这一炮的威力更加巨大,敏敖壮的名声从此大震</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2002</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,由敏敖壮青年男女歌手组成的合唱团走出广西</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跨过长江黄河</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赶赴北京,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参加走进新时代——纪念毛泽东在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话发表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周年全国群众歌咏大</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会。他们不负众望,在首都的大舞台上一展歌喉,夺得全国基层优秀合唱团代表一等奖,令</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人刮目相看。</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2003</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,这个合唱团再度赴京,参加由中央电视台举办的西部民歌大赛,用甜美</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的嗓音演绎乡野风味十足的呢的呀民歌,获得第三名。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注:上世纪八`九十年代,作者在那坡县工作,对那坡县壮族风俗有所了解.</SPAN> 不過我反而想知道為何他們的女性多把眉毛剃掉的?是為了美?還是有其他含義呢? 女人眉毛粗了不好看,所以用两根棉线夹掉一部分. 对“黑衣壮”的包装的诸多不符事实的地方,我们以前也有指出过并有过相关讨论。可以参考以下这个帖子:
<A href="list.asp?boardid=14&page=1" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#000000>『Ingjyaem 影音视听』</FONT></A> →<A href="dispbbs.asp?boardID=14&ID=262&page=1" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#0938f7><b> [推荐]CCTV魅力12·壮乡美(点击进入观看2楼、4楼、6楼)</b></FONT></A>
……①所谓的“过山腔”(《壮乡美》曲调的民间原调)——Lwenx(汉语通常音译为‘伦’,是一种单声部民歌),并非黑衣壮(自称为Cuengh或Min的南僚人)原有的民歌,而是广西那坡县、靖西县以及越北一带自称为 Jang[?ja:η1](布央)的南僚人的民歌,这个人群在那坡县的壮族人口当中是最多数的,与靖西、德保的主体人群(也是自称为Jang/Yang 的南僚人)共同构成了南部壮语·德靖土语的主体。黑衣壮(Cuengh与Min)自身的民歌叫做 Vaxsei(汉语音译为‘划西’‘瓦诗’),是一种古老的大二度双声部民歌,声音苍劲有力,十分古朴动听。但是,黑衣壮人在现代已经逐渐接受平地壮族布央(Jang)的深刻影响,服装、习俗以及民歌上都逐渐向布央靠拢,因为山歌的功能是社交以及谈恋爱,所以很多黑衣壮年轻人为了融入布央占优势的平地壮族社会,已经不再学唱Vaxsei,而唱布央的 Lwenx(过山腔)已经成为了很普遍的现象,只有比较偏僻的村寨还会唱 Vaxsei。我在今年春节期间亲自到那坡黑衣壮村寨实地采访,用 DV 拍摄下了那些黑衣壮老人唱 Vaxsei 的十分珍贵的镜头,我认为对黑衣壮的文化抢救,应该着重对 Vaxsei 的搜集整理和包装。黑衣壮当然普遍会唱 Lwenx(过山腔),但是将 Lwenx 成是黑衣壮特有的民歌,我想这是对事实的歪曲,也是对那坡县壮族布央支系创造的歌文化的一种“盗版”行为。 …… <DIV class=quote><B>以下是引用<I>土著虎尾在2004-4-4 13:35:51</I>的发言:</B><BR>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮族的奇特支系——敏敖壮</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 16.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 16.05pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 民间不叫黑衣壮</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">……</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">讲敏话和讲敖话的壮族语言是两个壮族支系的先民</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在劳动与生产中产生并传承下来的,归属壮侗语族壮傣语支。敏话和敖话是这两个以黑为美</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的族群文化精华之所在,不仅是日常交际的工具,而且是区分这两个壮族支系与其他十个壮</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族支系的带有“身份”性质的重要标志,具有根本性的文化价值。敏话和敖话与众不同,吐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音清亮,音调悦耳,语气委婉含蓄,讲究礼节。其音调</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音色</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">谈吐自成风格。用敏话和敖话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所唱的山歌十分有名,特别是“过山腔”另外</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个壮族支系都传唱。正因为无论是在远处</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是在近处,只要听其音就很容易区分对方是奇特的壮族支系,所以,民间老百姓习惯从语</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">言上把讲敏话的壮族人叫做敏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布敏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黑敏,把讲敖话的壮族人叫做敖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布敖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">囊敖。从尊重民</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">间习惯和便于区别他们与县内外大多数穿黑衣服的壮族人的不同这两个方面来考虑,我觉得</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是叫做敏敖壮为好。由于讲敏话的壮族人比讲敖话的壮族人多,因此,也可以统称为黑敏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壮。</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144.55pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 9.0; mso-char-indent-size: 16.05pt" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并非那坡县独有</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">……官方在推介和媒体在宣传的时候,都异口同声地说:黑衣壮居住在那坡县。这一说法有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">失偏颇。其实,敏敖壮不是那坡县独有,在与那坡县相邻的广西靖西县安德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南坡等乡镇和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">云南富宁县田蓬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">`</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郎恒等乡镇也有,只不过是居住在那坡县境内的敏敖壮相对来说很多而已……</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我想,今后在宣传和推介敏敖壮时,宜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说主要居住在那坡县,靖西和富宁县也有。这才客观公正。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT>
</DIV>
<BR>我想作为德靖台地走出来的一个布央人(在那坡被称为‘侬府’),就我所认知的“敏敖壮”给楼主文章做一些补充说明以及澄清。
一、方言
其实这个被人类学家命名为“黑衣壮”的族群当中,人口最多的是说“Cuengh(音译为‘仲’或‘壮’)”这个方言的,而不是“敏”Min和“敖”Ngauz。不过,Cuengh这个方言与“敏”(Min)话非常接近,甚至有人说Cuengh这个方言本来就是从Min发展来的,在其他壮族支系看来两者没有什么差别,我去年春节亲自到那坡黑衣壮地区采风,当地的Cuengh人也说Cuengh = Min,只不过说Cuengh话的人受外界影响多一些而已,可见Cuengh/Min(壮/敏)这两个族群非常接近,甚至可以归入同一个族群,他们才是构成黑衣壮主体的人群。Min这个人群稍微比Cuengh人群要固守自身的传统,真正还保留穿黑衣服的村庄,也只有Min的村庄才普遍了,而Cuengh的村庄则大都接受了那坡平地壮族Qyang(Yang)的影响,改穿了更为常见的蓝色衣服,不过有些村庄的Cuengh人还在自家的箱底压着人手一套的黑衣服,在节庆的时候才穿。
而 Ngauz (敖)话方言则是一个十分独特的方言,我去年七月份也曾经到过那坡说敖话的村庄体会当地方言和民情,发现敖话是一个以壮语北部方言词汇为主体但却具有壮语南部方言语音特征(有送气塞音声母)的壮语方言,与属于典型南部壮语方言的Cueng/Min 话差别较大。说敖话的人群人口很少,这个方言人群之所以与Cuengh/Min归入宣传中所说的黑衣壮,恐怕是因为说敖话方言的人群往往与Cuengh/Min杂居在一起而在文化特征上趋于一致,说敖话方言的人几乎都会说壮敏话,心理上也达成了比较亲密的联盟。
楼主说的“<FONT face=宋体>敏话和敖话……<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是区分这两个壮族支系与其他十个壮</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族支系的带有“身份”性质的重要标志,具有根本性的文化价值</SPAN>”,我是同意的,方言的存在才是黑衣壮之所以成为一个族群存在的根本,从服饰上去命名黑衣壮其实是有失人类学定义标准的。不过,正如我在 <A href="list.asp?boardid=5&page=1" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#000000>『Goek Raeuz 历史与百越专题』</FONT></A> → <A href="dispbbs.asp?boardID=5&ID=2588&page=1" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#0000ff><b>[转帖]龙州长衣壮</b></FONT></A> 一帖第4楼中指出的“刻意强调岱人的个性而看不到岱人在‘语言、文化、称谓、节庆、婚丧等习俗’上与南部壮族的共性大于个性,这是不客观的”,黑衣壮当中的Cuengh和Min也是一样,他们的方言属于典型的壮语南部方言,而并非有太多的独特之处,他们与壮语南部方言的德靖土语在很大程度上可以直接通话,两者的差距大大小于南部壮语与北部壮语之间的差距。实际上,真正可以称得上“独特”的壮语方言,即其个性大于与其他壮语方言共性的壮语方言,恐怕只有云南省的文马土语。
二、山歌
楼主说,“<FONT face=宋体>用敏话和敖话<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所唱的山歌十分有名,特别是‘过山腔’另外</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个壮族支系都传唱”,这个我是持否定态度的。根据我自身调查的结果,连Cuengh本身的人都承认所谓“过山腔”(Lwenx)是来自布央Qyang(Yang)的山歌,Cuengh/Min/Ngauz的人群只是受了Qyang(Yang)的影响而学会并传唱了过山腔,而实际上,我搜集到的所有的过山腔山歌,包括黑衣壮人群所唱的,都是用央话来唱而不是用壮敏或敖话来唱。只有壮敏人固有的传统山歌——“划西”(Vaxsei),才是用他们本身的壮敏方言来唱。这个祥见本帖4楼跟帖。</SPAN>
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">事实上,整个那坡县的十几个壮族支系都会唱Lwenx(过山腔),而他们之间的交际,除了县城一带用汉语桂柳话外,也大都会用央话(Qyang)或与央十分接近的侬话(包括侬府和侬顺,即德保话和靖西话)来交际,而布央人本身却大都不会说包括壮敏话在内的其他壮族支系方言,显示了在当地的壮族族群当中,央话人群在以农业为主的经济地位上是占优势的人群,这可能与央人是最早进入那坡这块地方而率先占领了最适合发展稻作的河谷和平地地带有关。因此,央人借助着其经济地位而向其他壮族族群传播其山歌文化是最为可信的解释。</SPAN>
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、分布</SPAN>
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正如楼主所说的,黑衣壮并非那坡县独有的。其实,<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了楼主所说的那坡、靖西和富宁之外,还有德保县敬德镇和黄连山脚下一带也有分布,这个人群的分布还延伸到越南北部一带。也就是说,以那坡县为中心,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">操Cuengh/Min方言的人群在德靖台地三个县都有分布,邻近的云南省富宁县和越南北部也有不少黑衣壮人群。</SPAN>
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">德保县敬德镇的Qyang(央)人把那一带的Cuengh人叫做Zuengh,为方言转读。这些Cuengh人与那坡的壮敏方言应该是一致的,不过大概早已经失去了穿黑衣服的传统,与普通的德保南壮人(央)一起改穿了普通的现代便服。</SPAN>
<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我前年夏天经过靖西龙邦进入越南北部的高平省茶灵县,买了一些当地岱侬族的山歌和说唱磁带,拿回来一听,最让我感到新鲜的是,其中有一盘居然有过山腔和划西,而且磁带上面用越南文印制着越南出版社的名称,可见当地也有说那坡央话和壮敏话的族群。后来看到香港来的沛(IhPei)贝侬带来的一本西方人在19世纪末在越南北部采风的书,有许多当时的相片,其中有几张相片上的“侬人”服装完全就是黑衣壮服装的样式,可以证实当时早就有这个族群的人迁入了越北,那么至今他们仍然保持其方言和风俗习惯也是很自然的。</SPAN>
5楼说得有理,我将对我的文章作适当的修改. <DIV class=quote><B>以下是引用<I>土著虎尾在2004-4-4 23:35:52</I>的发言:</B><BR>5楼说得有理,我将对我的文章作适当的修改.</DIV><BR>贝侬,楼主文章是您自己写的文章么?我在此表示钦佩,毕竟在业已受到宣传影响的情况下,能够用敏锐的目光来认清事实的人不多。
回复:红棉树
我长期从事语言文字工作,文章是我根据自己的所见所闻所思所感写成的。 好文章啊! 淡水是我的笔名 建议根据5楼的意见对本文章做一些适当的修改,然后投稿给相关部门,给予黑衣壮一个真实面貌! 在靖西,80年初浪人就听到“黑衣壮”这个词,靖西的央支系一般都称他们为“壮”,称他们的服饰为“三层塔”。浪人曾发过一张“黑衣壮”的图片(一妇女手拿绣球)是80年的图片了,那时候“黑衣壮”还没有出名呢! "三层塔"的部分人是讲侬话的吧? <DIV class=quote><B>以下是引用<I>土著虎尾在2004-4-7 23:13:55</I>的发言:</B><BR>"三层塔"的部分人是讲侬话的吧?</DIV><BR>也许吧。浪人可没有深入的调查。呵呵……
浪人只想说,“黑衣壮”这个词并不是近年才有的。 浪人只想说,“黑衣壮”这个词并不是近年才有的。
我说的是:近几年才宣传. 收到! 我的帖子沉下去了
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