壮族非物质文化遗产：马山三声部民歌
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 154pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 11.0;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">马山三声部民歌<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">在马山县东部大石山区，山高弄深，壮家人居住分散，加上交通不便，唱山歌就成为人们交流感情，传递信息的重要方式。在劳动生产，婚丧嫁娶、迎神娱祖等过程中，唱山歌是主要娱乐和表白形式，山歌优美，听者不厌，一人独唱不足以衬托气氛，于是由单人独唱变成多人附唱，一声部变成了多声部，三声部民歌便由此产生。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></strong></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">马山县壮族三声部民歌产生的具体年代，因为壮民族无文字记载，所以无法进行详细考证，在上世纪八十年代的普查活动中，据七、八十岁的老歌手介绍，他们会唱合声的山歌是从好几代祖宗传下来的，因此，有学者初略考证，推断马山县壮族三声部民歌产生的年代最早可追溯到唐宋时期，其后成熟于明清，兴盛于清至民国期间。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></strong></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">马山县壮族三声民歌源于本县的古零镇，加方乡一带，群众叫做“欢哈”</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">合声山歌</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，其中常见的歌调有蛮欢、卜列欢、加方欢、结欢等。三声部民歌旋律优美，声部间相互谐调。音色柔和，风格统一，深受听众喜爱。其结构为一个完整的旋律，一声部和二声部音调独立，三声部为陪衬和声，其演唱有以下特点：一是演唱者全用支声复调合声；二是时兴“哈”</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">合</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">声，“哈”声的风格变换不定，声调时兴每一次都根据情景有所变化，但始终符合主旋律。歌词一般有五言四句和五三五言六句，都有严格的腰脚韵，五言四句歌词符合壮歌的普通押韵规律，五三五言六句歌词则有独特的押韵规律，即第一句、第二句的末尾词与第三句的第三个词押韵，第三、第四句的末尾词又另押一个韵，而第四句、第五句末尾一词又与第六句的第三个词相互押韵。</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">这种押韵法，是马山壮族歌手们在长期演唱实践中创造出来的，用此种结构形式的歌词来演唱的三声部民歌，抑扬顿挫，主旋律立体感更加突出，听起来音调悠扬流畅，自然优美。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></strong></font></p><font size="3"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">由于地理和历史等方面原因，马山县壮族三声部民歌一直不为外界所知，查到上世纪八十年代，才被专家发现公布，三声部民歌从此引人注目，并得到广泛展示和有效保护。</span></strong><font face="宋体"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2004</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年自治区把马山县壮族三声部民歌确定为广西民族民间文化保护工程六个试点项目之一，同时命名马山县为“广西民间文艺之乡”。</span></strong></font></font> 广西民族民间文化保护工程! 到上世纪八十年代，才被专家发现公布——有范西姆的功劳。 因为壮民族无文字记载，所以无法进行详细考证——古壮字就是文字嘛，只是<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">马山县那里没有人将壮族三声部民歌产生的具体年代记录下来而已。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 154pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 11.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">我听过马山三声部民歌，非常动听！<span lang="EN-US">
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