十九世纪传教士记录的海南临高语[僚人家园]——壮族、布依族、岱侬族共同论坛『Naeuz Vahraeuz 僚语论丛』

伤疤好咯 发表于 2010-10-10 01:21:00

十九世纪传教士记录的海南临高语

<h1 class="wx">十九世纪传教士记录的海南临高语</h1><div class="pi"><a class="brm" id="postnum9439" title="复制本帖链接" href="javascript:;">楼主</a>
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</div></div></div><div class="pc"><div class="pcb"><div class="t_fsz"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_9439"><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">辛世彪</div><div align="center"> </div>    从文献记录看，最早调查和研究海南临高语的是19世纪的西方传教士。他们在当时的艰苦条件下开展调查，用罗马字母记录词汇和句子，给我们留下了一百多年前海南岛语言的宝贵记录。    1881年，美籍丹麦人传教士冶基善（Carl C. Jeremiassen,1847-1901）进入海南传教。冶基善和他的差会相继在琼山府城、儋州那大、会同加积（今琼海嘉积）、崖县乐罗（今乐东县乐罗镇）等地建立了教会、医院和学校，并进而向乐东、白沙、琼中、保亭、临高等地的黎、苗等少数民族传教。<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"></a> 美国长老会牧师香便文（B. C. Henry, 1850-1901）在《岭南》（Ling-Nam, 1886）一书中生动记述了他们于1882年穿越海南岛时，冶基善一路上治病救人（包括动手术、拔牙）的传奇经历。冶基善曾经把《圣经沸略肌返拇蟛糠趾汀毒稍肌返男〔糠忠氤珊Ｄ匣埃êＤ厦鲇铮?/font><a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"></a>。同样为了传福音的目的，冶基善调查记录了白沙、琼中、乐东等地的黎语以及临高语（他称为临高黎）。<div align="left">    1893年，冶基善在香港出版的《中国评论》（副名《远东释疑报》）杂志上发表了“海南土著的黎人和他们的语言”一文，列出了7个点的语言资料<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"></a>。根据当时传教士的记录，海南话那时候已经是全岛“通用语言”（lingua franca）<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"></a>，因此传教士按照当时说海南话的汉人的习惯，把说临高语的人都叫黎人<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"></a>。冶基善此文所列7个点中，只有“白沙黎”、“岭门剃头黎”、“五指山剃头黎”、“双尖黎”、“小尖黎”5个点是黎语，“儋州黎”实际上是儋州话（与粤方言近），“临高黎”就是临高县的临高语。<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"></a>当时的传教士著作中还有“琼山黎”（Kheng-toa Loi），是指海口周边的临高语，属于临高语东部方言，与“临高黎”所代表的西部方言不同。1892年，英国外交官庄延龄（E.H. Parker, 1849-1926）曾发表有关“琼山黎”的材料，发表了300个词和短语，记录的是海口市石山镇的临高语。</div><div align="left"><span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">    我对传教士冶基善记录的“临高黎”进行研究，发现它属于临高语西部方言，有ANG="EN-US">17个声母，ANG="EN-US">55个韵母，有<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">p<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-t<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-k<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">?
<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">四种韵尾，但是央元音不独立<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">，不列声调<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">。这个音系最大的特点是有送气音<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">ph-<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">kh-<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">，显示<span lang="EN-US" zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">19<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">世纪末期<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">临高语<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">西部方言仍有送气音，临高语的送气音是后来才消失的。冶基善的材料为研究临高语的音变历史提供了宝贵的记录。</div><div align="left">  </div>The Be language of Hainan as Recorded by Missionary Jeremiassen in 19 CenturyXin Shibiao The Lim-ko Loi as recorded by Carl C. Jeremiassen in 1893 affiliates to the western dialects of Lingao or Be language. Its phonology contains 17 initials and 55 finals with stop endings -p、-t、-k、-?, but no tones and shwa are noted. The intriguing feature of the dialect is the retaining of aspirated ph-and kh-, which shows that in the late 19 century the western Be language still had aspirates that disappeared afterwards. Jeremiassen’s recording shed new light on our understanding of sound change in Be language. （此文载于《语言研究》2007年第4期，115-124页）<div align="left">    1893年，冶基善在香港出版的《中国评论》（副名《远东释疑报》）杂志上发表了“海南土著的黎人和他们的语言”一文，列出了7个点的语言资料<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"></a>。根据当时传教士的记录，海南话那时候已经是全岛“通用语言”（lingua franca）<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"></a>，因此传教士按照当时说海南话的汉人的习惯，把说临高语的人都叫黎人<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"></a>。冶基善此文所列7个点中，只有“白沙黎”、“岭门剃头黎”、“五指山剃头黎”、“双尖黎”、“小尖黎”5个点是黎语，“儋州黎”实际上是儋州话（与粤方言近），“临高黎”就是临高县的临高语。<a title="" href="http://my.blog.sina.com.cn/writing/scriber/article_edit.php?openmode=static&f=static&blog_id=49d8b29801008fq7#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"></a>当时的传教士著作中还有“琼山黎”（Kheng-toa Loi），是指海口周边的临高语，属于临高语东部方言，与“临高黎”所代表的西部方言不同。1892年，英国外交官庄延龄（E.H. Parker, 1849-1926）曾发表有关“琼山黎”的材料，发表了300个词和短语，记录的是海口市石山镇的临高语。</div><div align="left"><span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">    我对传教士冶基善记录的“临高黎”进行研究，发现它属于临高语西部方言，有ANG="EN-US">17个声母，ANG="EN-US">55个韵母，有<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">p<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-t<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-k<span mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" zh-cn="" de="" roman="" mso-ascii-font-family="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="DE" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" de="" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="DE">-<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" 宋体="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">?
<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">四种韵尾，但是央元音不独立<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">，不列声调<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">。这个音系最大的特点是有送气音<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">ph-<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">、<span lang="EN-US" smilieid="10" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" alt="" border="0" src="static/image/smiley/default/sweat.gif" xmlimg="" mso-fareast-font-family="" zh-cn="" 楷体_gb2312="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">ANG="EN-US">kh-<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">，显示<span lang="EN-US" zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">19<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">世纪末期<span mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" new="" zh-cn="" mso-ascii-font-family="" ipapannew="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: IPAPANNEW; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New=;">临高语<span zh-cn="" mso-fareast-language="" en-us="" mso-ansi-language="" ar-sa="" mso-bidi-language="" mso-font-kerning="" roman="" times="" mso-bidi-font-family="" new="" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New=;">西部方言仍有送气音，临高语的送气音是后来才消失的。冶基善的材料为研究临高语的音变历史提供了宝贵的记录。</div><div align="left">  </div>The Be language of Hainan as Recorded by Missionary Jeremiassen in 19 CenturyXin Shibiao The Lim-ko Loi as recorded by Carl C. Jeremiassen in 1893 affiliates to the western dialects of Lingao or Be language. Its phonology contains 17 initials and 55 finals with stop endings -p、-t、-k、-?, but no tones and shwa are noted. The intriguing feature of the dialect is the retaining of aspirated ph-and kh-, which shows that in the late 19 century the western Be language still had aspirates that disappeared afterwards. Jeremiassen’s recording shed new light on our understanding of sound change in Be language. （此文载于《语言研究》2007年第4期，115-124页）</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>

hbd 发表于 2010-10-10 20:17:00

12亿人口就是这么来的了，纯啊！！！

桂西布依 发表于 2010-10-10 17:06:00

不能说临高人是僚人，只能说他们和僚人有很大的关联。况且现在人家是“大汉民族”啊不能乱说哦

maniachhz 发表于 2010-10-10 11:00:00

海南临高人本是僚人……，原来如此……

临高人 发表于 2010-11-22 23:11:00

http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/ANrhjk1izKQ/

临高人 发表于 2010-11-22 23:22:00

临高语民歌http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/fujpAIngHCY/hhttp://www.tudou.com/programs/view/lRiiYR7na8w/

伤疤好咯 发表于 2010-11-22 23:31:00

回复：（临高人）[URL=http://www.tudou.com/programs...

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僚人家园's Archiver

十九世纪传教士记录的海南临高语

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