双语有利于亚裔小孩的心智发育
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); "><div class="padding_frame" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "><div class="article_header" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "><div class="topinfo" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; 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"><a class="align-left" href="http://space.yeeyan.org/u/92801" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 66, 118); text-decoration: none; float: left !important; ">nadileaf</a><br/></h2><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 15px; ">于 2010-08-02 09:23:08 翻译 </p></div></div></div></div><p class="excerpt" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); clear: both; "><br/></p><p class="excerpt" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); clear: both; ">通过研究发现，懂得双语的亚裔小孩有较好的心智发育。</p><p class="excerpt" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); clear: both; "><br/></p></div></div><div class="article_content" id="conBox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 10px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; "><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; "><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">能讲两种语言的亚裔小孩似乎较少表现出负向内化和外化行为。反之，不能流利讲英语会使得此行为进一步加剧。</strong><b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; ">研究表明，双语不但有利于小孩的学业，更能在心智上使之受益。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; ">最新的一项研究表明，至少是对亚裔小孩，双语也能减少他们的内化行为（明显的焦虑，孤独，低自尊以及哀伤）和外化行为（高频地争论，打架，生气，冲动行为以及伴有持续的令人不安的活动力）。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">此项研究是由哥伦比亚大学社会工作学院韩文瑞副教授以及美国罗格斯大学社会工作学院黄建忠副教授共同发起。其研究结果发表在五月份的美国公共卫生学报上。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">在“儿童早期纵向比较研究”这一项目中，录入了一份具有全国代表性的儿童样本——于1998-1999年注册进入幼儿园的21260名幼儿，并一直追踪其成长轨迹至八年级。有由老师们跟踪观察多年所收集的关于儿童内化和外化行为的数据，也有小孩们入幼儿园时所能讲的单一语言和多种语言的记录。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: url(http://cdn.cocimg.com/webroot/img/ac/label2.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><img alt="" src="http://cdn.yeeyan.org/upload/attached/2010-08/02/20100802090832_78175.gif" border="0" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; max-width: 630px; height: auto !important; "/><b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; ">两位教授选择了12580名儿童作为其研究的子集。其中，有11060名为在美国出生的非拉丁裔白人，1520名具有亚洲血统。在这11060名儿童中，10850人只会讲英语，而210人能讲两种语言，主要是欧洲语言，比如法语，德语或是俄语。而在1520名亚洲血统儿童中，910人能讲两种语言，380人只能讲英语，而230人只会其本国语言。会双语或是本国语言的小孩能讲中文，日语，韩语或越南语等东南亚语言。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">在此次调查中，研究双语与其后产生的内化和外化行为问题是否存在直接的关联时，两位副教授同时考虑了其他的可能变量，比如出身地，所处的社会经济地位，家庭规模，学校类型及标准，以及学业成绩。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">结果发现这种直接关联确实存在。虽然所有小孩在进入幼儿园时，内化和外化的问题都处于相近的水平上，但会双语的小孩比只会英语说的小孩在这一问题上增长缓慢，且在其五年级时内化和外化问题水平有所降低。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">因此，两位副教授得出了双语能减少亚裔小孩的内外化行为问题的结论，并给出了几种解释。他们解释到：“会双语的小孩除了在学校能用英语正常沟通外，他们也能从自己的家庭和民族文化中汲取营养。对两种文化的深刻理解也能帮助小孩欣赏多元文化以及与同伴和老师相处融洽。”<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">研究还表明了，在五年级时，那些只会讲父母的语言而非英语的小孩比母语为英语的小孩更多的出现内外化行为问题。 韩副教授告诉记者，他本人对结果感到很意外。他原本预想英语不流利可能会对小孩的社交以及情感造成伤害，可其程度远没他们研究所得的那样严重。<b class="label bg2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: block; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 16px; position: absolute; left: -25px; top: -5px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 100; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "></b></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; ">这项研究发现具有现实意义，研究人员在论文中指出：“父母应该尽量和小孩讲母语，而学校应努力培养双语，而不只是英语...” 但父母和校方也应确保那些在母语环境下成长的小孩能流利地说英语，这样他们才能更好的学习，不会因为沟通不畅而造成心理问题。</p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 1.8; position: relative; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; "><br/></p></div></span> <p>当然算了，普通话是汉语，壮语也是一种语言。</p> 壮话和普通话算不算双语？
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