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泰仔 发表于 2010-3-29 08:21:00

这首不象壮语。。。听不出来。。。。。。。

浪人 发表于 2010-3-29 08:25:00

<p></p><p>很好！</p>

山级公路 发表于 2010-5-3 17:19:00

为什么他能唱得那么的好呢？！

bouxdojsuq 发表于 2010-4-30 20:39:00

hwhw~~daeuj dingj mbat he gonq~

都安蛊惑农 发表于 2010-6-5 02:05:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>泰仔</i>在2010-3-29 8:21:33的发言：</b><br/>这首不象壮语。。。听不出来。。。。。。。</div><p>我丢……你该不会真的是泰国的吧……</p>

mrhxq 发表于 2010-6-5 20:25:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>好好瑟</i>在2010-3-30 3:35:21的发言：</b><br/><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>Stoneman</i>在2010-3-30 3:28:40的发言：</b><br/>真正的北壮方言，我全听得懂.</div><p>北壮具体在指哪里？？？</p></div><p><table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td width="59%" height="37"><div align="left"><blockquote><div align="center"></div></blockquote><div align="center"><p><font face="隶书" color="#0000ff" size="5">壮 语 方 言 概 况</font></p></div><div align="center"><p><b><font color="#00ff00"><font color="#990000" size="2">2002.01.07 </font></font><font color="#990000" size="2"><b>■</b>红棉树</font></b></p></div></div></td><td width="21%" height="37"><ul><p><font size="2">北僚语方言</font></p></ul></td><td width="20%" height="37"><ul><p><font size="2">南僚语方言</font></p></ul></td></tr><tr><td width="59%" height="43"><font size="2">  壮语方言的概况，在国内来说，从建国初期开始，为了配合当时的民族划分和民族区域自制工作，就有不少民族语言学家在政府支持之下对壮族各个地区的方言状况做了一番大规模的调查和研究，基本上确定了壮语的方言状况。而在此之前的19世纪末期到20世纪上半叶，即壮民族还未被确认为一个统一民族的那段时期里，也有不少西方殖民者和国内外的知名的语言学家基于各自不同的出发点和意图，对华南、西南和东南亚壮侗语族诸语言进行过较为深入的调查研究，从纯历史语言学角度对壮侗语诸语言进行了语言和方言的归属划分。可见，语言和方言的划分之上，存在着语言内部（语言本身的特征）和外部（该语言的持有者的民族划分和社会环境等）两个不同的出发点，所以各个划分得出的结果往往会不一致。为了更全面地了解壮语方言的状况，我们需要参照多方面的意见。</font></td><td width="21%" height="43"><ul><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">邕北土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">红水河土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">柳江土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">桂北土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">右江土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">桂边土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">邱北土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">连山土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">布依第一土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">布依第二土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">布依第三土语</font>
                                                        </li></ul></td><td width="20%" height="43"><ul><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">邕南土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">左江土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">德靖土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">砚广土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">文麻土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">岱侬第一土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">岱侬第二土语</font>
                                                        </li><li><font color="#0000ff" size="2">岱侬第三土语</font>
                                                        </li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p align="left"><font size="2"><br/>  首先来看看建国以来国内对壮语的方言划分意见。最具权威性的观点是《中国大百科全书.民族》中给壮语方言下的定义：<br/>“（壮语）方言：大致是沿郁江、右江走向，到平果县以后，稍往南偏移，然后沿北回归线往西，经云南的富宁、广南、砚山等地直到开远划一条界线，线以北为北部方言，线以南为南部方言。北部方言又分为邕北、红水河、柳江、桂北、右江、桂边、丘北7个土语；南部方言又分为邕南、左江、德靖、砚广、文麻5个土语。方言之间区别比较明显，如北部方言一般没有ph、th、kh等送气塞音声母，而南部方言有送气塞音声母。”<br/>  行文中所谓的“土语”，在这里就称作“次方言”。在这种分法的基础上，由张声震主编的《壮族通史.上》（1997年6月第一版）里，给壮语的北部方言又增添了“连山土语”这样一个次方言。于是我们就可以勾勒出现代壮语方言的大致轮廓： </font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2">北部方言</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2"><br/>1． 邕北次方言（武鸣、邕宁北部、横县、宾阳、平果）<br/>2． 红水河次方言（都安、马山、上林、忻城南部、来宾南部、武宜、象州、鹿寨、荔浦、阳朔、贵县、贺州） <br/>3． 柳江次方言（柳江、来宾北部、宜州、柳城、忻城）<br/>4． 桂北次方言（河池、南丹、天峨、东兰、巴马、融水、罗城、环江、永福、融安、三江、龙胜）<br/>5． 右江次方言（田东、田阳、百色）<br/>6． 桂边次方言（田林、隆林、西林、凌云、乐业、凤山、及云南省的富宁和广南自称布约依［pu3?jui3］的那部分壮族的语言）<br/>7． 邱北次方言（云南省邱北县和砚山县、师宗县的自称布依［bau3i3］的那部分壮族的语言）<br/>8． 连山次方言（广东省连山壮族瑶族自治县、怀集县）</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2"><br/>南部方言</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2"><br/>1． 邕南次方言（邕宁南部、隆安、扶绥、上思、钦州） <br/>2． 左江次方言（龙州、宁明、凭祥、崇左、大新和天等两县东部、越南北部如谅山等省）<br/>3． 德靖次方言（德保、靖西、那坡、天等和大新两县西部、越南北部如高平等省）<br/>4． 砚广次方言（云南省砚山、广南、麻栗坡、马关、文山等县内自称布侬［pou3nong2］的壮族语言，以及越南北部靠近其的某些侬岱语）<br/>5． 文麻次方言（云南省文山、麻栗坡、马关和开远等地自称布岱［bu6dai1］的壮族语言，以及越南北部靠近其的某些侬岱语）</font></p><p align="left"><font size="2"><br/>［注1：越南北部各省尚分布着将近２００万的壮族人（越南官方按照他们不同的支系，将之分别称为侬族和岱族），他们的方言资料尚无法收集，方言划分亦暂且不记。估计越南壮语分别属于靠近越南边境的壮语南部方言的左江、德靖、砚广、文麻等次方言］<br/>［注2：北部壮语还应该包括贵州省的布依语，布依语分为三个土语区，与壮语北部方言均能相通。布依语的三个土语与北部壮语的哪些土语是重合的，或者是独立成另一土语的，目前尚未掌握对比资料，还不能断言］</font></p><p align="left"><font size="2">  从字面上对照地图，我们可以推测出这些方言的大致分布地区。这样划分和归类，现代壮语的方言分布状况和整体轮廓就可以在平面上勾画出来了。从南北两大方言区看，既有整齐的语音对应关系，又有明显的语音区别特征，从某种程度上也体现了壮民族远古两大先民集团--骆越和西瓯在脱离了原始壮泰语的母体以后，在漫长的历史长河中，互有交流和征战，又保留了各自的方言和文化这一历史状况。南北壮语大致是以郁江、右江和北回归线为分界线，除了分界线两侧的河谷地带，南北壮语大都分布在喀斯特山地和丘陵地带，可以说广西的大部分喀斯特山地都是壮族聚居区，反映了地理条件的封闭性对壮语方言形成以及稳定起着重要的外部条件作用，壮族可以称得上是一个“喀斯特民族”。南北壮语两大方言区在地理上的紧密相连，而内部的次方言、土语区又环环相扣，基本上连成一片，构成了桂西、滇东南、越北２０００多万壮族人的聚居区。各次方言在通话自由程度上对外部（即其他次方言）的保守性和对内部的开放性，也体现了各次方言内部在历史上的相互交流要比各次方言外部的交流要频繁得多，这与历史上分封割据的壮族土司制度恐怕不无关系，如果加深对壮语方言区形成的原因以及过程的研究，或许对壮族历史和历史上的壮族土司制度会有很大的帮助。</font></p><p align="left"><font size="2"><br/>  上述的壮语方言划分，是从壮民族全民族语言这个角度来划分的。然而在历史上壮族还没有被确认为一个统一民族的时候，上世纪末本世纪初国内外已经有了不少知名学者和西方殖民者从纯历史语言学角度对包括壮语在内的壮侗语诸语言进行了语言和方言的归属划分。如最早的英国人阿.柯奎恩（1880年开始）、法国人皮.勤.邦德里（1897）、英国人亨.理.戴维斯（1909）以及美国人威.克.杜德等，他们从对缅甸的掸族、泰国的泰族研究起，联系到中国的壮族和布依族等，通过对泰国泰族和中国两广、云南的壮族地区实地调查，发现泰语与壮语的词汇基本或大部分相同，然后基于各自的立场和目的出发，来论证壮族和泰族的同源关系，有的甚至将壮族和布依族称为"东泰"，因而壮语自然被看成泰语内部的一种方言。在那以后，一些国内学术界的有知之士，出于对边疆国土沦丧和少数民族的关心，开始注意包括壮族在内的少数民族研究和调查。１９２９年《科学》杂志发表的丁文江的《广西僮语的研究》（壮族以前写作‘僮族’，同音），可以说是近现代人对壮语的第一部研究专著。于之同个时代的徐松石，可以说是壮族研究的集大成者，他的壮族研究专著中也多含有壮语的研究，如在《泰族僮族越族考》《粤江流域人民史》等书中，多次用“地名研究考察法”结合语言比较法，来论证壮族的历史。不过，真正的现代壮语研究集大成者，恐怕要数著名的壮侗语研究专家李方桂博士，他也是从纯历史语言学角度出发，对国内外的壮侗语族诸方言进行了深入实地考察，《龙州土语》、《武鸣土语》等即是他对壮语研究的早期作品。随着他对壮侗语族诸语言的深入研究，壮侗语的全貌也逐渐被揭露出来。根据他的研究发现，壮侗语族可以分为“壮泰语支”、“侗水语支”、“黎语支”三个语支。其中，壮泰语支是使用人口最多的，可以分为三大小组：</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2">西南组：泰语、老挝语、傣语、掸语、阿姆含语</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2">中部组：壮语南部方言、侬语、岱语</font></p><p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="2">北部组：壮语北部方言、布依语</font></p><p align="left"><font size="2">  从以上的分法可以看出壮语内部的南北两大方言绝对应该包括壮泰语支的中部组和北部族，壮语南部方言和越南侬语、岱语其实是同一语言，同样的道理，壮语北部方言与布依语也是属于同一种语言。</font></p>

mrhxq 发表于 2010-6-5 20:27:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　壮族的语言。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　属汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支。主要分布在我国</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">广西壮族自治区</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">云南省</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文山壮族苗族自治州</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。分北部南部两个方言。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">编辑本段</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">壮族语</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　英文名称：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Zhuang language<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　语言</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮语是中国的大语言之一，使用人口大约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">万以上（包括布依语、岱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">侬语）。壮语属于台</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">加岱语系侗台语族（壮侗语族）台语支（壮傣语支），与泰国语、老挝语、傣族语、掸族语等语言有着十分密切的亲缘关系，国外有学者将壮语称为“北泰”语。壮语北部方言和布依语均属于台语支北部组，壮语南部方言和越南的岱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">侬语都属于台语支中部组。另外，泰语、老语、傣语、掸语等组成了台语支西南组。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮语在壮族聚居的乡村地区和部分城镇仍普遍使用，但壮文由于种种原因至今没有普及；现在散居于部分县城和城市的部分壮族人改以汉语为日常语文，不过城镇壮族在壮族总人口当中比例不大，总体上以壮语为母语的壮族人仍然占壮族人口的九成以上。同时，越来越多的壮族年轻人学会了熟练使用汉语文，成为壮汉双语人口。人民币上印有用壮语文字书写的银行名称和面额。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　方块壮文</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　一千多年前，壮族人民就利用汉字的偏旁、部首和发音、语义，创造了方块壮字（土俗字），民间使用的土俗字据《古壮字字典》（苏永勤等编）统计大约为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4800</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个，宋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">范成大《桂海虞衡志》载：“边远俗陋，牒诉券的，专用土俗书，桂林诸郡皆然。”但由于各地的字形不一，没有形成统一的规范，笔划过繁，书写不易，使用起来很不方便，没有为行政公文和正规教育所采用（当然这也和壮族没有建立起统一的政权国家有关）。方块壮文至今仍然在壮族地区的民间流行。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　民间艺术家用它来记录、编写、整理出来的故事、传说、山歌、戏剧如《布伯》、《刘三姐》、《百鸟衣》、《侬智高的故事》等，给我们留下了宝贵的历史资料和文化财富。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1993</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年，广西壮族自治区科技委员会组织专家完成了古壮字处理系统的软件设计，并使用于壮族各类古壮字抄本的整理，相继出版了《布洛陀经诗译注》、《壮族民歌古籍集成》、《嘹歌》和《欢岸》等壮族古籍，展现了古老而丰富的壮族传统文化风貌。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　拼音壮文方案</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　新中国成立以后，人民政府十分关心壮族语言与文字的发展，于五十年代制定通过《壮文方案》并在壮族地区推广使用，曾一度受到壮族人民的欢迎。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代老拼音壮文以拉丁字母为基础并搀杂斯拉夫字母以及自创字母，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">80</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代后壮文全部采取</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个拉丁字母形式。拉丁壮文以壮语北部方言为基础方言，以壮语武鸣话为标准音。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　属汉藏语系中壮侗语族壮傣语支。原称僮语。主要分布于中国广西壮族自治区和云南省文山壮族苗族自治州。分南部和北部两个方言（每个方言又各分几个土语）。北部方言分布很广，使用人数占壮族人口的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">％，北部方言无送气声母，南部方言有送气声母。壮语除单纯声母还有腭化、唇化声母；有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个元音韵母和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个韵尾。单元音韵母都是长元音，带韵尾时有长短元音的对立。有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个舒声调和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个促声调，促音调往往又因元音长短的不同而有不同的调值。壮语没有词形变化。词序和虚词是表达语法意义的主要手段。名词的修饰语一般在名词后面，只有数量修饰语（“—”除外）在被修饰语的前面，指示词都在句子的最后面。句子中主语在谓语前面，宾语和补语都在动词后面。在没有正式通行的文字以前，壮族人使用一种类似汉字的方块壮字来记录民歌、人名和地名等，但这种方块壮字没有经过系统整理，各地不尽一致。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1955</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年创制了以拉丁字母为基础的拼音文字，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1981</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年修改后全部采用拉丁字母。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮语，属汉藏语系壮侗语族壮泰语支。使用人口在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1700</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">万以上，是中国使用人口最多的少数民族语言．主要分布在广西壮族自治区、云南省文山壮族苗族自治州、广东省连山壮族瑶族自治县境内，云南省的开远、元阳、广东省的怀集，贵州省的从江和湖南省的江华等县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">自治县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">也有分布。各地壮语有不同的名称。广西的中部、西部、北部、东北部和广东连山等地壮族称自己的语言为壮话，武鸣称板话，河池称曼话、凌云、凤山称僚话，德靖、岘广土语区称依话、央话、省话，云南文山和广西龙州称岱话，等等。根据壮语语音特点和词汇差异，可分为北部和南部两大方言，每一种方言内部又分为数个土语区，各土语区基本语词汇相同率在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 60</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">％～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">86</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">％之间。壮语一般有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">e</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">i</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">o</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">u</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">w(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">y)6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个基本元音。绝大多数地方复合韵母中的元音有长短的对立。一般有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个声母左右，少的不足</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个，多的有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多个。复合声母比较少，除武鸣、邕宁一带有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">pl</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">kl</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ml</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">之外，其他地方主要是腭化、唇化性质。壮语的韵母分</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">类：单元音韵母；复合元音韵母；带辅音韵尾的韵母。壮语是有声调的语言，多数地方有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个调，即</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个舒声调和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个促声调。壮语中民族固有词的单音节词占优势，多音单纯词较少。有丰富的近义词。合成词有复合式、附加式两类。单音动词、单音形容词可带上摹声绘形的后附音节，以表示不同的性状和程度，加强表达的准确性和生动性。壮语各土语的词汇分类及语法规律相当一致。词汇一般分名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词、副词．介词、连词、助词、语气词和声貌词等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">类。以词序和虚词作为最主要的语法手段。句子成分的基本次序是主</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">谓</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">宾</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">补，定语大多在名词之后，指示代词一般放在修饰成分的最末尾。状语通常在谓语之前，有时在谓语之后。壮语受汉浯的影响较大，吸收了不少汉语词汇和一些语法形式。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮语北部方言</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">壮语方言之一，分布在广西的驮娘江、右江、邕江一线附近及其以北地区和云南省的邱北、师宗、富宁、广南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">等地。广东连山、怀集等地壮语也属北部方言。使用人口约占壮族人口的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">％以上。一般有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个声母左右，大都有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">r</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">声类。除连山土语外，一般没有送气的清塞音声母。韵母多在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 70</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">80</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个之间。一般有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个舒声调和两个促声调，很少有调类分化。方言内部一致性大，各土语的语法几乎没有什么差别，民族固有词汇相同率在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">85%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">左右。语音稍有差别，但对应整齐。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　北部方言分</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个土语区：</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　桂北土语区——广西龙胜、三江、融安、永福、融水、罗城、环江、河池、南丹、天峨、东兰、巴马。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　柳江土语区——广西来宾、柳江、宜山、柳城、忻城</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　红水河土语区——广西贺县、阳朔、荔浦、鹿寨、桂平、贵港、武宣、象州、来宾</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">河南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、上林、忻城</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、都安、马山，广东连山，湖南江华。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　邕北土语区——广西邕宁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、横县、宾阳、武鸣、平果。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　右江土语区——广西田东、田阳、百色。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　桂边土语区——广西凤山、田林、隆林、西林、凌云、乐业，云南富宁、广南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　邱北土语区——云南邱北、师宗。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮语南部方言</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">壮语方言之一。分布在广西的右江、邕江以南地区和云南省文山壮族苗族自治州的南部。自称有土话、侬话、岱话等种。由于本方言区在地域上与越南接壤，语言上与国外相应的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Tho</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Nong</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Tay (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">土、侬、岱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">可通。有送气的清音声母</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ph</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">th</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">phj</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">khj</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> khw</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">等。一般没有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">r</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">声类，局部保留也只出现在双调数，多数地方没有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">j</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">v</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">声母。韵母有简化的现象，不少地方有声调的分化现象，有些则有合并现象。语法与北部方言差别不大，只有一些虚词和词头、词尾的不同。方言内部词汇</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">致性较小，如德保和钦州壮语固有词的相同率只在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">63</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">％左右。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　南部方言分为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个土语区：</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　邕南土语区——广西邕宁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、隆安、扶绥、上思、钦州、防城。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　左江土语区——广西天等、大新、崇左、宁明、龙州、凭祥。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">德靖土语区——广西靖西、德保、那坡。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　砚广土语区——云南广南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、砚山、马关、文山、西畴、麻栗坡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　文麻土语区——云南文山</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、麻栗坡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、马关</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">东部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、开远、元阳以及滇东南的一些县。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　大抵以郁江、右江、邕江为两大方言界线。各土语内部仍分若干小土语区，且常常隔一条河就不尽相同，有些地方甚至一个村寨都有某些有别于邻村的特点。（《广西百科全书》，《壮族文化概论》）</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　文字</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　壮族先民在长期的生产实践和社会活动中，为了便于记事和进行交流，在商周时期就创造了刻划文字符号。这种文字在壮族创世史诗《布洛陀》中称为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">sawgoek</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，意为本源书，即最古老的文字。从广西出土的战国至汉代的文物中看到，这种刻划符号开始出现对物象轮廓的勾勒，有向象形文字发展的趋势，它比结绳记事前进了一步。后来，随着汉文化在壮族地区的广泛传揪播，壮族先民又吸取并仿造汉字六书的构字方格，创造出</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">sawndip</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，意即生造字。这就是史籍所称的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">土俗字</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，又叫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">方块土俗字</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">方块壮字</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。这种文字有的是借用汉字的偏旁部首重新组合而成，有的是借用汉字注壮语音义，有些是创造的类象形字。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　本源书和土俗字是壮族文字发展史上两个阶段的表现形式。学术界一般认为，壮族的土俗字始于唐，兴于宋而盛于明清，既有碑刻，且有大量的师公唱本和民歌抄本传世。壮族的许多传统长诗、神话故事等藉此得以保存。由于历史的原因，这种文字没有得到规范和统一，至今亦只在民间的一定范围里应用。现经初步搜集整理，已将流传的土俗字集注成《古壮字字典》出版。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">古壮字</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">这一概念的确认，既反映了其作为一种民族文字的历史存在及作用，又能把传统壮字与今新创的拼音壮文区别开来。它表明壮族的文字历史悠久，并随着时代的前进又发展到了一个新的阶段。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">拼音壮文是在本世纪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5O</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代创造的。建国后，人民政府为了提高壮族人民的科学文化水平，帮助壮族人民创造了拼音壮文。这套拼音壮文以拉丁字母为字母，以壮族北部方言为基础方言，以武鸣县的壮语语音为标准音。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1957</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">29</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日，国务院通过了壮文方案，井批准在壮族地区试点推行。至此，壮族人民有了合法的、统一的文字。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　古壮字</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">壮语称</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">sawndip</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，意即生僻字或生造字，又称土俗书、土俗字、方块壮字，现定名为古壮字。它主要是借助汉字六书的构字方法进行再创造，是壮族古文字发展史上突飞阶段的产物。土俗字产生的年代，目前学术界大多认为是从唐代开始。唐永淳元年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(682</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">澄洲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">治所在今广西上林县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">刺史韦敬办撰写的《澄洲无虞县六合坚固大宅颂》碑文中，就有□（夕</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一）、□（林</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">田）等字，这些已成为形、声、义统一的、结构固定的文字。到了宋代，土俗字的运用更加广泛，据范成大于淳熙二年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1175</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">所著的《桂海虞衡志》载：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">边远俗陋，牒诉券约专用土俗书，桂林诸邑皆然。今姑记临桂数字。虽甚鄙野，而偏傍亦有依附。□</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音矮</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，不长也。□同</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音稳</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，坐于门中，稳也。□（大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">坐）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">亦音稳</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，大坐亦稳也。□（亻</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音袅</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，小儿也，□（不</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">大）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音动</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，人瘦弱也。□（不</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">生）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音终</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，人亡绝也。（石</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">打）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音腊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，不能举足也。（女</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">大）（音大），女大及娣也。□（石</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">山）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音磡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，山石之岩窟也。闩月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">音撺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，门横关也。他不能悉纪。余阅讼牒二年，习见之。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">关于土俗字的字形及其应用，宋代庄禅的《鸡肋篇》和周去非的《岭外代答》等书也有所记载。到了明代，土俗字已成为壮族民间的书面文学用字。清初浔州</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">治所在今广西桂平县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">推官吴淇的《粤风续九》中，采录有俍、壮的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">扇歌</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">担歌</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">巾歌</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，即壮族男女把情歌写在扇面，刻在扁担和织</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">绣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在花巾上以此为信物，相赠定情。并称其</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">文如鼎彝，歌与花鸟相间，字亦如蝇头</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。有的地方用土俗字编写的歌本数以箱计。清人屈大均的《广东新语》卷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《刘三蛆》条中说：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">凡作歌者，毋论齐民与、瑶、壮人、山子等类，歌成，必先供一本祝者藏之。求歌者就而录焉，不得携出，渐积遂至数箧。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">产生于明代，流传于右江河谷的二万行《嘹歌》，就是以土俗字抄本传世的。道光十一年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1831</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，广西宜山县安马乡古育村廖士宽墓的诗碑，全用土俗字写成。碑上刻有一首五言勒脚体壮歌共</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">行，生动而详尽地表白了作者的身世和晚年悲凉的情景。壮族民间的神话、故事、传说、歌谣、谚语、剧本、寓言、楹联、碑刻、药方、家谱、契约等，多用土俗字记录并流传。在壮族的文化发展史上，土俗字发挥了一定的作用。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　拼音壮文</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">壮族拼音文字。以拉丁字母为字母，用以拼写壮语标准音的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">套书写符号系统，是法定的壮文。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1955</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年，在南宁召开的壮文工作会议上决定：以北部方言为基础，以武鸣县的语言为标准音，创制壮文。根据决决定，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1955</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月制订了壮文方案，经过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年的试行、修改后于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1957</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年由政务院批准公布推行。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1981</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年，广西壮族自治区少数民族语言文字工作委员会对这套文字系统作了修改，把非拉丁字母符号全部改成拉丁字母，以词为书写单位，移行时必须保持完整的音节。拼音壮文在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代末、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代初大力推行。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1981</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年后，壮文进入学校，用壮文翻译了小学、中学、中师和高等学校教材。广西民族报以壮文为主，《三月三》文学杂志也出壮文版。广西民族出版社出版各类壮文图书数百种，部分马列著作、国家文献也翻译成壮文出版</span></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2010-6-5 20:29:09编辑过]

mcvince 发表于 2010-6-11 13:43:00

为什么看不了啊？

wenliqan 发表于 2012-11-25 22:37:00

不知道听了多少遍了,还是喜欢听.

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