[转帖]明代广西“俍兵”东迁及其历史作用
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">明代广西</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">俍兵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">东迁及其历史作用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16.5pt; COLOR: #e11071; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #ff5500; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">□ </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #ff5500; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">韦浩明</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【摘</span><font face="Times New Roman"></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">要】为镇压持续不断的瑶、壮人民起义，明政府在官兵紧缺、无所作为的情况下，从广西西部征调俍兵东进征剿，屯驻于出山口及交通要冲附近，村寨建筑带有明显的军事色彩。俍兵东迁，不仅有利于增加当地劳动力、推动社会经济发展，而且起到隔离、缓解瑶、汉民族冲突，维护社会秩序，调和瑶、汉民族关系、促进民族融合的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【关键词】</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">俍兵；</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">迁徙；</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">历史作用</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【作</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">者】韦浩明，贺州学院人文与管理系副教授。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">广西贺州，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">542800 </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【中图分类号】</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> C951 </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【文献标识码】</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> A </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 【文章编号】</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1004-454X(2007)01-0159-005 </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Moving to the East of Lang Soldiers of Guangxi in Ming </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Dynasty and Its Historic Function</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Wei Haoming </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Abstract: The government of Ming dynasty requisition Lang soldiers from the west to the east of Guangxi for suppressing the Yao and Zhuang people</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">’</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">s uprising continuously. The Lang soldiers were stationed the nearby regions of vital communication line. The buildings of village have a military color. The Lang soldiers not only were advantageous to increase local labor force and promote social and economic development, but also relaxed ethnic conflict between <city wst="on"><place wst="on">Yao</place></city> and Han, maintained social order and promoted ethnic harmony after moving to the east. </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Key words: Lang soldiers; migration; historical function </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“俍兵”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">是我国封建政府在南方少数民族地区设置土司制度时认可的地方武装，主要由土官进行训练和管理，是封建王朝“以夷制夷”的重要力量。明代广西俍兵的构成，主体是中、西部地区的壮族子弟，在镇压瑶、壮人民起义中，受政府调遣，向东迁移，驻守定居，成为防范和镇压瑶族起义的重要力量。本文利用现有材料，通过俍兵及其后裔分布的大致情况，从政治、经济、军事等方面入手，探讨他们在构建民族关系中的历史作用。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一、“俍兵”东迁的背景及简况</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“俍兵”东迁是明政府军事命令的结果。在明朝统治的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">270</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多年间，广西各族人民因种种原因起来反抗的斗争始终没有间断过，大藤峡起义、府江起义、八寨起义等等此伏彼起，瑶民起义更是这一时期的特色。史载“明代……三江诸蛮遂桀骜不可制，而环贺之富、昭、苍、怀，辄有群起响应者。贺治东逼连山排瑶，北则江华壮寇，二百余年中，六里受其扰害，兵戈不已，境内瑶、壮，不闻有一人窃附。且仇敌之迄，今秀者争诵，弦顽者每耕凿。贺之蛮风不诚，冠粤右诸蛮之上。”①为镇压起义，明政府可谓绞尽脑汁，使用了一切能够使用的办法和手段。先是调集官军围剿，“于秋成时…列屯贼境，扼其要路，收其所种谷、粟。彼无粮食，势必自穷，乘机擒戮，可绝后患”。②</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">接着实行官军屯田，然“以东兵戍岭南，冒犯瘴疠，得还者十无五、六”。③弘治年间，广西官军由洪武、永乐时的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">万人，降至</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">万，且“官多庸懦，士多老弱，军政不修，军威不振”，④虽然招募当地群众进行补充，但要对付瑶、壮人民起义仍然力不从心。为此，邱浚提出“困之三策”，采用</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“四面分守，截其出路，彼既不得掳掠，又不得耕种，不过一二年，皆自毙矣”；同时主张“以夷攻夷”，“所调各处土官既至，宜厚加犒赏，俾其各认地方，从所径便，自抵贼巢，所得贼财，尽以与之，官军人等不许抽分科夺”。⑤兵部尚书王竑建议：“广西土官人等，有能招集土兵、狼兵杀败蛮贼，平定一村一寨者，即给以冠带具奏，量与官职”。⑥朝廷内部一些官员也认为：“左右两江土官所属，人多地少，其狼兵素勇，为贼所畏。若量拨田土兵于近山屯种，分界耕守，断贼出入，不过数年，贼必坐困”。⑦而且，“贼之所穴，皆美田肥土，我兵无不愿得之者，因其愿而令之，蔑不胜矣”。⑧并且强制征调土民，“各带器械，助官军攻守。官给牛具种子，耕种贼田，就给兵款食用，图成灭贼之计”。⑨这种计策实行的结果，使俍兵源源东来，为镇压瑶、壮人民起义安营扎寨。</span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">同时，广西</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">瑶、壮数多，土民数少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，连年征战，导致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">各卫军士十亡八九</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，造成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">凡有征调，全倚土兵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的局面。对于府江要地的平乐府之昭平堡，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">瑶壮率出为患，乞令上林土知县黄琼、归德州土知州黄通，各选子弟一人，领土兵各千人，往驻其地，仍筑城垣，设长官司署领，拨平乐县仙回峒闲田与之耕种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">②</span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">后来，随着桂东境内瑶、壮人民起义的规模越来越大，俍兵迁入屯田、防御的更多。为了镇压黎天龙领导的瑶、壮人民起义，明政府</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">于西岸仙回复古眉，而与高天、冲口为一军，军一千六百人，备陆内、六章。于龙头矶为一军，军一千人，属汉官，备马尾、田冲、黄牛及三峒。于上峒、古西复峰门为一军，军一千六百人，备羊厄、峰门、卢仙、大喃，兼视中峒。于下峒、东练、南源为一军，军一千人，备大宅、东瓦。皆屯田。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">⑩</span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">各土司官兵屯田的数量相当庞大，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上中峒属之名色把总齐凯，领田一万三千八百八十亩有奇。下峒属之土舍覃文举，领田八千六百六十亩有奇。东岸属之土族岑仁，领田一万五千二百亩有奇。西岸龙头矶诸兵，领田五千一百九十亩有奇。仙回诸兵，领田八千二百六十亩有奇。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”<sup></sup></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">大量俍兵因屯田定居桂东，逐渐成为当地的旺族。现今昭平县境内的仙回乡黄姓，是明朝万历初年为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">弹压英、回两地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">瑶、壮少数民族起义而来的、后来被授予古眉寨巡检司官职的黄仲拙的后代；崩江村的壮族潘氏，是明万历初年随军镇压五指山瑶、壮人民起义而授土龙巡检司潘积穰的后代。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">八步区的壮族，据鹅塘镇象脚村覃氏、沙田镇桥头村黄氏、南乡镇韦氏、里松镇陈氏等族谱的记载，他们的祖先均来自广西西部的河池、宜山、南丹一带，是明朝统治者征调来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平乱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">屯田守险</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的俍兵及其亲属。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><a href="http://qkzz.net/magazine/1005-7595" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0066ff">钟山</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">县壮族的韦氏族谱记载：其先祖居住在庆远府东兰州，明朝年间有梧州反乱，太祖忠英、忠良奉旨征服</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，奉上司明文安扎岩口清塘一带；万历四年拔入昭平里第一排，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">钦赐桔芬四哨以作剿贼酬劳之功。族谱中同时反映了当地壮族覃氏的来源。上述史志、族谱以及万历二十五年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(1597</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">刻于思勤江岸边崖石上的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">百蛮遵道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石刻，万历年间刻于昭平县境内山岩的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">五指岩记事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平五指诸岩碑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平昭平山寇颂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">等，虽然只是镇压五指山瑶、壮人民起义的材料，但其中有关屯田的内容，则是俍兵定居的一个缩影。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 二、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">俍兵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">后裔的分布及其特点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 从目前的史料、族谱及口头传说考察，明代东迁俍兵的后裔，绝大部分是桂东壮族的先辈，因此壮族的分布基本上是历史上俍兵的分布。明代的桂东地区，地广人稀，包括今平乐、恭城、富川、钟山、八步区、荔浦、昭平、蒙山等县全部或大部分在内的原平乐府，明弘治五年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1492</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，才有户</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">5340</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，口</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">31200</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">；万历二十二年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1594</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，户</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">7352</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，口</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">28740</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">当然，这里统计的，只是政府能够控制的部分，至于广大瑶、壮族群众，因长期与政府对抗，是无法统计的；加上持续</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">200</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">余年的瑶、壮人民起义，明政府对起义者的残酷镇压和屠杀，使人口更加稀少。当地的壮族族谱都有刚迁入时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">地广人稀，难以管业耕种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的记载。况且，进入桂东的壮族，以俍兵、土兵的身份出现，带有浓厚的军事色彩。其入居，与当时明政府分割、包围、防御瑶民起义紧密相关。迁入者应该以青壮年男性为主，从史料中零星反映出来的前后累计约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">13000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">人。在地域分布上，与广西西部壮族人口连片居住相比，显得比较散、碎，呈现出大分散、小集中的特点，军事特色明显。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 首先，桂东壮族相对集中。主要分布在南乡、大宁、鹅塘、沙田、清塘、巩桥、莲花、源头等乡镇。这里的壮族村寨，只要有一定历史和规模，都与瑶族接近，体现出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">屯田防瑶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的特点。从地理位置考察，基本上分布在大山出口或者丘陵、盆地交界处，既不是河流的源头，也不是河谷冲积带，而是在交通线或者军事要冲的位置上。钟山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">县西北之花山及西南之桔芬，南区之义安，皆层峦叠嶂，林青幽阻。当元明时，向为瑶、壮所依据，叛变无偿，梗化难治。明季各设兵戍守，剿抚兼施，更置巡检司于白霞，居中控御。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”<sup></sup></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">居住在清塘镇的壮族，历史上属于古田壮村，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">为内八源门户，瑶贼出入经此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，主要用于防备</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">在县西隅与恭城接壤，深入穷谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的一十六都瑶族村寨；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">明朝生员周真，义招壮丁留驻此地，以备御防，即今之黄、姜、韦、莫、覃五姓是也，所居依山面水，田畴甚腴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是中原进入岭南的重要通道之一。其东部与广东连州“排瑶”聚居区相接，西南部沿着桂岭河顺流而下，可直趋贺州治所；北上可进入湖南道州，为三省交界地，且是黄洞瑶族与连州瑶族沟通的必经之地。为防范瑶民联合造反，此亦为东迁俍兵屯田之区。鹅塘、沙田壮族村寨，刚好处于“土瑶”居住的二十四条山冲之出口，扼守此要地，可防瑶民外出掳掠。黎天龙起义军最主要的根据地五指山被攻占后，明政府于万历二十六年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1598</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">特设“土龙”巡检司，并于松拍、骑龙、顶高、鸭公、高梁等五处设营屯田，边缘为东坪、凤立、罗望等壮族村寨，他们是防御“府江”起义的俍兵后裔。从现今地名营盘、四哨、五哨、古营等，依稀可见与当年的屯兵情况有关。因此，越是容易发生瑶族起义的地方，壮族村寨的布局就越密集。</span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">其次，桂东壮族村寨独具特色。与桂西壮族长期以来大面积聚族而居、村寨相望、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><a href="http://qkzz.net/marriage/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0066ff">婚姻</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">嫁娶以本民族为主、语言相同相比，桂东壮族只是零星地散布于汉、瑶民族之间。由于是屯田俍兵的后裔，为适应战争需要，早期村寨建筑具有军事堡垒的特点。首先是同姓、同宗结为一村、一寨，无论大村、小寨都是如此。其次是同姓同宗相聚一地的数个村寨中，存在中心村寨。再次是村寨建筑，与西部的干栏式建筑、布局相比存在巨大差别，它是汉、壮、瑶民族建筑的融合体。选址上，受屯兵影响，一般选择军事要冲，基本上靠山近水，易守难攻；布局上，村边有围墙，中间分离，进可攻、退可守，同时修筑有撤退的通道。如位于清塘镇的枫木村，是桂东境内最古老的壮族村寨之一，两面靠山，一边临水，只有两条进村的陆路通道；村寨周围，修筑有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">米高，约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">米厚的青石围墙，东、南、北各设一个寨门，上面建有可供了望用的门楼；围墙周边有宽约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">米、深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">米左右的护寨壕沟；村内分段设置门楼，层层设防，步步为营，并有暗道通往山上。村内的房屋布局，由巷道和小门连接，家家相通，达到战事吃紧，可以相互救援，即使无法支撑抗敌，也可以撤退上山，躲进岩洞；建筑风格上，传统的干栏式基本不用，更多的是汉族城堡式建筑。而且，该村地处思勤江中游附近，离唐代思勤县</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">治所</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公里，控制着水路进入昭平的要冲，陆路则是桂林至梧州的必经之地。进可攻，退可守。鹅塘镇的芦岗村也是如此。一句话，桂东各地的古壮寨，其布局和建筑风格基本相同，军事色彩浓厚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 再次，桂东壮族基本上分布在汉、瑶民族的结合部，是汉、瑶两族接触与交往的过渡地带。他们近山、靠山，但生存区域的土地比较肥沃，水资源丰富，自然条件同当地的汉族没有什么差别，而且拥有较多山场，作为控制地带与瑶族为邻。这种状况，无疑与俍兵屯田有关。如隆庆六年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(1572</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，广西巡抚郭应聘在镇压府江起义后，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">以三峒、东西岸、仙回、高天各田分给土目领耕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这些土地，在官府的支持和分配下，成为胜利者所得的奖赏，成为刺激东调俍兵参与镇压瑶族起义积极性的支柱。各地俍兵为了保证所占田地，自然努力开垦耕种，发家致富，取得经济、政治上的优势，以便站稳脚跟，并与当地的汉族、瑶族相抗衡。巡按广西的御使冯彬曾说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">广西之患，莫甚瑶壮，与其招募以防贼，不若招募以剿贼。据其巢，耕其土，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">广西一省，狼人居其半，其三瑶人，其二居民，以区区二分之民，介蛮夷之中，事难猝举，且免差应调。土狼积习，今日应募以平之者，安知他日不各据其地转而为贼乎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">⑧</span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">因此，扶持屯田俍兵占据肥田沃土，发展势力，以防瑶族叛乱，是明政府的策略之一，也是桂东壮族先民得以留居条件优越之地、得以发展壮大的重要原因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 第四，靠近府江的壮族村寨，沿思勤江流域成带状和弧形分布，与府江天险紧密相关。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平乐古百粤峭区，由郡以东，龙头、苦竹诸山以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">□</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，数五指岩最险，其稍折而北，白马燕之属以北，数百帽岩最险。群僮侵掠郡邑，数为寇剽人，江道为梗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">屡攻之而不能破，倔强至今</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">遗孽四出劫掠，竟土骚然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">五指山位于昭平县巩桥乡境内的界塘村，弧线型的壮族村寨刚好对其形成包围之势。因此，联系历史，对当今壮族村寨分布进行考察，依稀可见军事布局的残迹，反映出历史上汉、壮、瑶民族在社会地位方面的结构性差异。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 三、东迁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">俍兵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">调和瑶、汉民族关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 不同类型的移民，对迁入地的作用并不一样。经济型移民，有利于促进地方经济的发展；文化型移民，会促使地方文化层次的变迁；军事政治型移民，会冲击移入地的社会结构，造成社会秩序在某种程度上的重新整合。因此，一个民族从原住地迁移到另一个民族的区域定居，其历史作用的评价标准和原则，不仅要考察迁入者对当地社会经济、文化发展的影响程度，而且要考察对当地民族关系的影响和作用，尤其是从落后地区迁移到先进民族区域的后进民族，这种考察更加重要。基于这一认识和俍兵迁居桂东的特殊因素，在探讨历史作用时，不仅要注意经济、文化的影响，而且更要重视对民族关系的调和作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 桂东是广西最早受到中原经济、文化影响并由中央政府直接进行统治的区域之一，经济文化和政治制度无疑处于比较先进的水平。因此，俍兵可以视为从相对落后的区域、以相对落后的民族素质出现，除军事功能外，综合素质要落后于当地居民。从这一角度出发，可以推论，俍兵的迁入，并没有给桂东带来先进的文化和科学技术，也不可能带来先进的社会生产力；相反，迁入者因受迁入地先进经济、文化的影响，反而提高了自身素质。但是，他毕竟给当地增添了劳动力，通过屯垦土地，发展经济，保障供给，起到推动经济发展的作用。然而，由于迁入人口数量的限制及其特殊身份，决定着他们的作用不在于推动地方经济文化发展这一层面上，而在于维护封建统治秩序这一目标上。前述俍兵是在封建统治者无法应对瑶民起义的情况下调入的，主要目的在于替代已经腐朽、衰弱的官军来镇压瑶民起义，维护地方秩序，客观上是封建政府推行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">以夷制夷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">政策的重要组成部分。为此，早期俍兵的作用，主要是镇压当地人民起义，维护封建统治秩序。后来，随着屯田定居，占山立寨，扼守险要，又发挥着隔离瑶、汉民族，防御瑶民起义的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">但是，同居一地的各个主体民族，无论谁要在当地社会中获得发展，都必须与其他民族进行合作。维持区域社会秩序的稳定，是各民族一致的共同利益，也符合封建统治集团的需要。前述俍兵主要分布在瑶、汉民族之间，是瑶、汉民族直接交往和冲突的隔离墙和缓冲带，具有缓解瑶、汉民族冲突并封锁瑶族起义的功能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 瑶族在明末受到沉重打击后，为免于被官军消灭，开始避居深山老林并寻求与政府达成某种程度的妥协。要实现这一目标，最有可能得到帮助的，莫过于对其实行军事包围的壮族同胞。历史上，瑶、壮民族的生产、生活方式有许多共同之处，生产力发展水平基本一致，彼此的成见相对较少，曾有共同反对封建王朝统治的合作。因此，瑶、壮民族交往所受到的歧视远远没有与汉族交往严重。从瑶族角度考察，他们是反叛者，是政府镇压和屠杀的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">异类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">深居山谷，知识锢闭，鲜与外人通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">俍兵是堵住他们从山中外出的劲敌，要生存和发展，需要获取山区本身无法生产的物资，如食盐、铁制工具等，要突破封锁，必须处理好同壮族的关系。通过加强交往，才能减少冲突，才能在某种程度上更好地保存自己。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 从俍兵的角度考察，他们是迁入者，人口相对聚居，有较强的军事实力，因屡建军功，也有一定政治地位，但毕竟人数有限；他们期盼与汉族平等交往，但因经济、文化和风俗习惯的差异，现实中又受到某种程度的歧视。然而，汉族先进的经济文化对他们具有强大的吸引力，模仿、学习汉族先进的文化和生产技术，已经成为俍兵生存和发展的首要任务。为此，俍兵努力调节与汉族的关系，相互通婚，经济文化互动较强。虽然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">语言习俗与民迥殊，但知耕种，不谙贸迁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">涵濡既久</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">……</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">而渐趋于同化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">部分俍兵的后裔甚至自动地向汉族转化。对于与瑶族的关系，因移居初期与汉族文化差别造成的某些民族隔阂，又在客观上促成俍兵与瑶族关系趋于缓和。通过与瑶族交往，可以获取山区的木材及土特产品，有利于改善生活条件；同时，还可以利用民族关系平和的有利时机，来发展、壮大自己，增加人口数量和经济实力，提高自身的文化素质，以便将来与汉族相抗衡。因此，两个处于相对落后的民族，由于经济文化的近似性，促使他们首先自觉地调整关系，加强交往，建立互信和感情，逐渐弱化对立情绪，最后升华到民族通婚和相互融合的程度。不仅有瑶族转化为壮族，也有壮族向瑶族转化。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">散居于花山西乡诸村</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的壮族，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">俗尚与瑶同，无编籍，质纯朴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></sup><sup><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">瑶、</span></sup><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></sup></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">壮民族关系从对立走向融合，从某种程度上起到了稳定地方社会秩序的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 从汉族的角度考察，由于长期受到中原王朝政治、经济、文化的直接影响，经济文化水平和综合素质均居于区域内各民族的领先水平，对其他民族具有较强的吸引力，凝聚力强。但是，传统文化造就的农耕民族的懦弱本性，又促使他们在动乱和瑶族起义时，希望寻求强有力的庇护。俍兵恰好能满足他们的需求。尽管交往中存有某种偏见，但现实生活的需要往往迫使他们放弃偏见，进而同壮族交好，寻求武力保护。在这种意识的促使下，最终两个民族相互融合，各阶层普遍通婚。同时，通过壮族的中介作用，又加深了对瑶族的认识和理解。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 总之，东迁俍兵及其后裔，凭借独特的地域和生活环境，不仅注重对汉族先进经济文化的学习，搞好同汉族的关系，而且注意调整同瑶族的关系，营造良好的民族氛围。在促进自身发展的同时，起着沟通汉、瑶民族关系的桥梁作用，甚至促成几个族群杂居于同一自然村的状况，如鹅塘镇的盘谷村、芦岗村；黄洞瑶族乡的龙湾村、大马塘；花山镇的板社村，都是汉、瑶、壮民族共同居住的村寨。在这里，许多壮族同胞会说“瑶话”，与瑶族群众交流、沟通方便。汉族群众甚至官府，通过会说多种方言的壮族人民，得以与瑶族沟通、交流，传递信息，减少隔阂与障碍。因而在壮族的努力下，各族群得以相互交往，互通有无，加深理解，缓和并弱化了民族间的对立情绪。可以说，历史上俍兵迁居桂东的重要作用，恰恰在于通过自身的融化，吸纳汉、瑶民族文化加以创新发展，用以调整当地的民族关系，缓和汉、瑶民族的矛盾和冲突，为稳定社会秩序，促进地方经济、文化的发展，加速民族融合，做出了积极贡献。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 参考文献：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ①王昆山：信都县志〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">，民国</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1936</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">铅印本。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ②明史.广西土司列传〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">205. </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ③宋史.兵志〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ④明孝宗实录〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">66. </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑤明史.土司传〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，邱浚：两广事宜议。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑥明史.王竑传〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，两广剿贼安民疏。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑦明史.山云传〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑧明世宗实录〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">312. </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑨明宪宗：谕韩雍征两广贼寇事宜敕〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ⑩谢启昆：广西通志.前事略〔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〕，广西人民出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1988.</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">粤西丛载〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">26. <br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">申远华：昭平县志〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，广西人民出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1992. <br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">唐择扶：贺州市志〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，广西人民出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2001. <br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">明史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">地理志〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">潘宝疆：钟山县志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">瑶壮〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，民国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">22</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年铅印本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">顾国诰：富川县志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">瑶壮〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，清光绪十六年刊本。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">平蛮封地碑，存广西钟山县公安镇塘贝村的丹霞观内。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">张修桂：马王堆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">‘</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">驻军图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">’</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">主区范围辨析与论证〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，复旦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://qkzz.net/magazine/1673-7164" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0066ff">大学</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">中国历史地理研究所，历史地理研究〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，上海，复旦大学出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1986. <br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">谢启昆：广西通志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">经政略〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，田赋一，卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">155. <br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">平五指诸岩碑，存广西平乐县县城东边珠山迎仙洞内。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">梁培瑛：贺县志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">瑶民教育〔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Z</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">〕，卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，民国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">23</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年铅印本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 〔责任编辑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">袁丽红〕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">摘自：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><a href="http://qkzz.net/Magazine/1004-454X/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0066ff">广西民族研究</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></p> 看看，为何我在其他版块发不了帖子啊？而且不显示我登陆的 <p>应该称为“狼兵回迁桂东”，因为桂东本来就是僚人之地。</p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>僚园星火</i>在2010-3-26 14:42:55的发言：</b><br/><p>应该称为“狼兵回迁桂东”，因为桂东本来就是僚人之地。</p></div><p>完全正确</p>
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