沙南曼森 发表于 2003-1-14 23:37:00

布依文方案［摘录］

[这个贴子最后由沙南曼森在 2003/05/19 03:11am 编辑]<br><br>布依族文字<br>摘自《中国各民族文字与电脑信息处理》第124-129页<br>（戴庆厦、许寿椿、高喜奎主编，中央民族学院出版社1991年北京）<p>一、概述<p>二、现行文字情况<br>（一）字母、声母、韵母、声调<p>1、字母：布依文共26个字母，字母形式、名称及读音如下表：<br>……<br>说明：<br>（1）字母中a、e、i、o、u 5个是元音字母，其余21个是辅音字母。l、z、c、x、s、h、t 兼作布依语固有词的声调符号，y、f、j、q 兼作现代汉语借词的声调符号。<br>（２）表中国际音标h表示送气音；（ &nbsp;）中的汉字和汉语拼音表示相近的音，（ &nbsp;）无字表示没有相应的汉字。<p>2、声母：布依文共有32个声母，如下表：<br>声 &nbsp; &nbsp;母：b &nbsp; *p &nbsp; &nbsp;mb &nbsp; &nbsp;m &nbsp; &nbsp; f &nbsp; &nbsp; w &nbsp; &nbsp;d &nbsp; &nbsp; *t &nbsp; nd &nbsp; n &nbsp; (sl ) &nbsp;l<br>读 &nbsp; &nbsp;音：ba &nbsp; pa &nbsp; mba &nbsp; ma &nbsp; &nbsp;fa &nbsp; &nbsp;wa &nbsp; da &nbsp; &nbsp;ta &nbsp; nda &nbsp;na &nbsp; sla &nbsp; la<br>国际音标：p &nbsp; &nbsp;ph &nbsp; ?b &nbsp; &nbsp;m &nbsp; &nbsp; f &nbsp; &nbsp; v &nbsp; &nbsp;t &nbsp; &nbsp; th &nbsp; ?d &nbsp; n &nbsp; &nbsp;sl &nbsp; &nbsp;l<p>声 &nbsp; &nbsp;母：g &nbsp; *k &nbsp; &nbsp;ng &nbsp; &nbsp;h &nbsp; &nbsp;(hr) &nbsp; j &nbsp; &nbsp;*q &nbsp; &nbsp;ny &nbsp; x &nbsp; &nbsp;y &nbsp; &nbsp;*z &nbsp; &nbsp;*c<br>读 &nbsp; &nbsp;音：ga &nbsp; ka &nbsp; nga &nbsp; ha &nbsp; &nbsp;hra &nbsp; ja &nbsp; qa &nbsp; &nbsp;nya &nbsp;xa &nbsp; ya &nbsp; za &nbsp; &nbsp;ca<br>国际音标：k &nbsp; &nbsp;kh &nbsp; η &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;x &nbsp; &nbsp; hr &nbsp; tc &nbsp; tch &nbsp; &nbsp;jn &nbsp; c &nbsp; &nbsp;j &nbsp; &nbsp;ts &nbsp; tsh<p>声 &nbsp; &nbsp;母：s &nbsp; &nbsp;r &nbsp; &nbsp;by &nbsp; &nbsp;my &nbsp; &nbsp;qy &nbsp; &nbsp;gv &nbsp; ngv &nbsp; qv<br>读 &nbsp; &nbsp;音：sa &nbsp; ra &nbsp; bya &nbsp; mya &nbsp; qya &nbsp; gva &nbsp;ngva &nbsp;qva<br>国际音标：s &nbsp; &nbsp;z &nbsp; &nbsp;pj &nbsp; &nbsp;mj &nbsp; &nbsp;?j &nbsp; &nbsp;kw &nbsp; &nbsp;ηw &nbsp; ?w<p>说明：带“*”的声母只用于拼写现代汉语借词，带（ ）的声母只用于拼写方音。<br>［抄录者注：声母表中的国际音标，软腭鼻音η、喉塞音?、龈腭清擦音c为近似代用，边擦音sl、浊喉音hr、龈腭鼻音jn无近似字母可代用。］<p>3、韵母：布依文共有87个韵母，各韵母的形式和实际读音如下表：<p>a &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;o &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ee &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;u &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; e<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[щ]<p>aai &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ai &nbsp; &nbsp; oi &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ei<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щi]<p>aau &nbsp; &nbsp; au &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;eeu &nbsp; &nbsp; iu<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<p>- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ae &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ie &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ue &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ea<br>- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[щε]<p>aam &nbsp; &nbsp; am &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;oom &nbsp; &nbsp;om &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;eem &nbsp; &nbsp;iam &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;im &nbsp; &nbsp; uam &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;um &nbsp; &nbsp; eam<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωm] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[щεm]<p>aan &nbsp; &nbsp; an &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;oon &nbsp; &nbsp;on &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;een &nbsp; &nbsp;ian &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;in &nbsp; &nbsp; uan &nbsp; &nbsp; un &nbsp; &nbsp; ean &nbsp; &nbsp;en<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωn] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щεn] &nbsp;[щn]<p>aang &nbsp; &nbsp;ang &nbsp; &nbsp; oong &nbsp; ong &nbsp; &nbsp; eeng &nbsp; iang &nbsp; &nbsp; ing &nbsp; &nbsp;uang &nbsp; &nbsp;ung &nbsp; &nbsp;eang &nbsp; eng<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωη] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щεη] &nbsp;[щη]<p>aab &nbsp; &nbsp; ab &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;oob &nbsp; &nbsp;ob &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;eeb &nbsp; &nbsp;iab &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ib &nbsp; &nbsp; uab &nbsp; &nbsp; ub &nbsp; &nbsp; eab &nbsp; &nbsp; eb<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωp] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щεp] &nbsp;[щp]<p>aad &nbsp; &nbsp; ad &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ood &nbsp; &nbsp;od &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;eed &nbsp; &nbsp;iad &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;id &nbsp; &nbsp; uad &nbsp; &nbsp; ud &nbsp; &nbsp; ead &nbsp; &nbsp; ed<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωt] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щεt] &nbsp;[щt]<p>- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ag &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; og &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;eeg &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ig &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ug &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; eg<br>- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ωk] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [щk]<br>_____________________________________________________________________________<br>ia &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;io &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iao &nbsp; &nbsp;ua &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ui &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;uai &nbsp; &nbsp; ao &nbsp; &nbsp; ou &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;er<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [εu] &nbsp; &nbsp;[εr]<p>说明：<br>（1）韵母下[ &nbsp;]内是国际音标对照，表示实际读音。横线下9个韵母专拼现代汉语借词。<br>（2）单元音韵母a、o、ee、i、u、e都是长元音。-b、-d、-g韵尾的读音只闭塞不破裂。<br>（3）i 在和现代汉语借词z、c、s、r声母相拼时读舌尖元音[-i ]其余均读为。<br>［抄录者注：韵母表中的国际音标，为解决输入的困难，舌面后、半高圆唇元音o对应的半开元音用ω表示，不圆唇舌面中、央元音（倒写的字母e）则用ε表示，而不圆唇的u用щ表示，“儿”音用εr表示。造成的不便，敬请谅解。］<p><br>4、声调：布依文共有8个声调，包括6个舒声调和2个促声调。舒声调第一至第六调分别用调号l、z、c、x、s、h表示；促声调第七调用“t”表示，第八调不标调号。现代汉语借词另用y、f、j、q分别表示阴平、阳平、上声、去声。例如：<p>本民族固有词声调：<br>调类：一 &nbsp; &nbsp; 二 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;三 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;四 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;五 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;六 &nbsp; &nbsp; 七 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 八<br>调值：24 &nbsp; &nbsp; 11 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;53 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;31 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;35 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;33 &nbsp; &nbsp; 35 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 33<br>调号：l &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;z &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; c &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; x &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; s &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; h &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; t &nbsp; &nbsp; （不标）<br>例字：nal &nbsp; &nbsp;naz &nbsp; &nbsp; nac &nbsp; &nbsp; nax &nbsp; &nbsp; nas &nbsp; &nbsp; nah &nbsp; &nbsp; nagt &nbsp; &nbsp;nag<br>- &nbsp; （厚） &nbsp;（田） &nbsp;（脸） &nbsp;（舅） &nbsp;（箭） &nbsp;（獭） &nbsp;（重） &nbsp;（窄）<p>现代汉语借词声调：<br>调类： &nbsp;阴平 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;阳平 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;上声 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;去声<br>调值： &nbsp; 33 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;31 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;53 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24<br>调号： &nbsp; y &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; f &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;q<br>例字：feiyjiy &nbsp; &nbsp; minfzuf &nbsp; &nbsp;cangjzangj &nbsp; &nbsp;siqhuaq<br>- &nbsp; &nbsp; （飞机） &nbsp; （民族） &nbsp; &nbsp;（厂长） &nbsp; &nbsp; （四化）<p><br>（二）书写规则、标点符号、隔音符号、字典顺序<p>1、连写规则<br>（1）多音节的单纯词。如：ndaaulndis（星星）<br>（2）带前加成分的词。如：dazidt（第一）<br>（3）带后加成分的词。如：raizraamhraamh（长长的）<br>（4）并列式合成词。如：gogtrah（根源）<br>（5）主从式合成词。如：ramxdal（眼泪）<br>（6）动宾式合成词。如：roxnac（认识）<br>（7）主谓式合成词。如：basnagt（寡言）<br>（8）动补式合成词。如：daausmal（回来）<br>（9）通称加专称合成词。如：faixlux（柳树）<br>（10）现代汉语借词多音词。如：ziqziqzouy（自治州）<p>2、大写规则<br>3、缩写规则<br>4、夹用阿拉伯数字规则<br>5、移行规则<br>6、标点符号<br>7、隔音符号<br>8、字典顺序<br>

venjiebiao 发表于 2003-1-29 13:20:00

目前已经没有了。贵州的布依族汉化速度很快，找现在的速度，几十年后就没人会说了，

红棉树 发表于 2003-1-30 15:19:00

僚人（壮族、布依族、岱侬族）不同于高山里居住的瑶族、苗族等，因为都是稻作为主的民族，所以一般都居住在平原和山区里的平地、河谷地带，所以，被汉化或者被越化首当其冲就是僚人，特别是散居区和杂居区的僚人，是汉化速度最快的地方。贵州省布依族地区之所以汉化得如此之快，也就是因为大都是处在与汉族的杂居区里。我们广西中部的汉壮杂居区，形势一点也不容乐观。

沙南曼森 发表于 2003-5-19 03:31:00

[这个贴子最后由沙南曼森在 2003/05/20 11:56pm 编辑]<br><br>相关链接：<p>[转帖]民族文字——布依文<br>http://www.pouchoong.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=8&amp;topic=58&amp;show=50#lastviewpost<p>布依文概述［转载］<br>http://www.pouchoong.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=8&amp;topic=73&amp;show=25#lastviewpost<p>布依族语言及分区<br>http://www.pouchoong.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=8&amp;topic=77&amp;show=25#lastviewpost<p>布依文与壮文、汉语拼音对照<br>http://www.pouchoong.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=8&amp;topic=120&amp;show=0#lastviewpost<p>[转帖]布依族、壮族文字联盟的具体措施（1956）<br>http://www.pouchoong.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=8&amp;topic=6&amp;show=50#lastviewpost<p>希望这些帖子有助于各地贝侬了解布依族语言及文字的概貌。

南粤孤客 发表于 2003-5-19 09:32:00

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;据我所知，布依文的推广情况跟广西的壮文命运类似，可能实际的情形更糟糕。<p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;另外，在表面上布依族和壮族分属不同的民族，但在文字的创制上双方的有关专家和行政当局所追究的目标几乎是一致的，即尽可能地互相靠拢。在上世纪六十年代前双方合作创制了一套布壮联盟的文字方案，壮族是以南宁附近的武鸣话为标准语，布依族是以贵阳附近的贵定羊场话（属布依语第二土语区）为标准语，因两者的音位系统确实有一定的差距，操作比较困难，尤其是极左政治的影响，这套文字没有很好地实践以求优化就销声匿迹了。到了八十年代，布依族在有关专家和学者的帮助下，对其文字方案进行了一次重大的调整，重新选择远离贵阳而更靠近广西壮族北部方言的望漠布依话（属布依语第一土语区）为标准音。<p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;这套文字方案能够让广大的布依族同胞接受，近二十多年来用它记录了大量的布依族口头文献资料。同时，也在各县乡镇的民族小学（一个县就那么一两所）推广。但是，中国大陆的应试教育在严重压制儿童的天性的同时，也严重地遏制着学生多元智力的发展，更加挤压多元文化的教育。于是，布依文的推广就变成了民族小学应付上级有关机构检查工作和向上级争取更多拨款的一种门面点缀罢了，没有实际的实行。<p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;以上是就我个人所掌握的零星信息连起来说的，离开家乡十几年了，家乡的布依文教育到底如何，尚待实际的考察。欢迎阿沛贝侬到我们布依山乡做客。<br>

称最 发表于 2011-6-25 11:18:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>百越后裔</i>在2011-6-24 10:40:23的发言：</b><br/><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>venjiebiao</i>在2003-1-29 13:20:00的发言：</b><br/>目前已经没有了。贵州的布依族汉化速度很快，找现在的速度，几十年后就没人会说了，</div><p>现在贵州省汉化的僚人地区就有兴仁县，贵定县，长顺县等集体失去了民族记忆，惠水县跟安龙县也基本上要忘祖了！</p></div><p>认识个六盘水的布依，还会说，和我们的壮语很相近，，，</p><p>没发现他有“夹壮”口音啊，，，是不是在外面打工时间长了自己纠正过来，，，</p><p>我提到惠水的布依族，他说“他们那边变了（汉化）”</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2011-6-25 11:24:12编辑过]

百越后裔 发表于 2011-6-24 10:40:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>venjiebiao</i>在2003-1-29 13:20:00的发言：</b><br/>目前已经没有了。贵州的布依族汉化速度很快，找现在的速度，几十年后就没人会说了，</div><p>现在贵州省汉化的僚人地区就有兴仁县，贵定县，长顺县等集体失去了民族记忆，惠水县跟安龙县也基本上要忘祖了！</p>
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