[转帖]完善民族地方自治立法促进民族地区和谐社会建设
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5">【内容提要】民族区域自治制度是我国处理民族问题的基本政治制度。作为民族区域自治制度有效保障的民族自治地方立法还不尽完善，制约着和谐社会的建设步伐。完善民族自治地方立法，需要切实转变观念，提高立法效率，重视立法技术，充实有关内容，加强民族经济立法，重视对少数民族习惯法的研究和借鉴。健全和完善民族自治地方立法，有利于坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，促进和谐的民族大家庭建设，加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会全面协调和可持续发展，实现各民族共同繁荣。</font></span><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 【关键词】民族区域自治</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">立法</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">和谐社会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p> 政府力量虽然很重要，但是民间没有热情的话，不知道哪天壮语都会消失掉。 Lately I've been hard to reach<br/>I've been too long on my own<br/>Everybody has their private world<br/>Where they can be alone<br/><br/>Are you calling me?<br/>Are you trying to get through?<br/>Are you reaching out for me?<br/>I'm reaching out for you<br/><br/>I'm just so fucking depressed<br/>I just can't seem to get out this slump<br/>If I could just get over this hump<br/>But I need something to pull me out this dump<br/><br/>I took my bruises, took my lumps<br/>Fell down and I got right back up<br/>But I need that spark to get psyched back up<br/>And in order for me to pick the mic back up<br/><br/>I don't know how or why or when<br/>I ended up this position I'm in<br/>I'm starting to feel dissin' again<br/>So I decided just to pick this pen<br/><br/>Up and try to make an attempt to vent<br/>But I just can't admit<br/>Or come to grips with the fact that I may be done with rap<br/>I need a new outlet<br/><br/>And I know some shit's so hard to swallow<br/>But I can't just sit back and wallow<br/>In my own sorrow but I know one fact<br/>I'll be one tough act to follow<br/><br/>One tough act to follow<br/>I'll be one tough act to follow<br/>Here today, gone tomorrow<br/>But you'd have to walk a thousand miles<br/><br/>In my shoes, just to see<br/>What it's like, to be me<br/>I'll be you, let's trade shoes<br/>Just to see what it'd be like<br/><br/>To feel your pain, you feel mine<br/>Go inside each others' minds<br/>Just to see what we'd find<br/>Look at shit through each others' eyes<br/><br/>Don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked, just stay true to you<br/>So don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked, just stay true to you<br/><br/>I think I'm starting to lose my sense of humor<br/>Everything's so tense and gloom<br/>I almost feel like I gotta check<br/>The temperature of the room<br/><br/>Just as soon as I walk in, it's like all eyes on me<br/>And so I try to avoid any eye contact<br/>'Cause if I do that then it opens the door<br/>For conversation, like I want that<br/><br/>I'm not looking for extra attention<br/>I just wanna be just like you<br/>Blend in with the rest of the room<br/>Maybe just point me to the closest restroom<br/><br/>I don't need no fucking man servant<br/>Trying to follow me around and wipe my ass<br/>Laugh at every single joke I crack<br/>And half of 'em ain't even funny like<br/><br/>Ha! Marshall you're so funny man<br/>You should be a comedian, god damn!"<br/>Unfortunately I am<br/>I just hide behind the tears of a clown<br/><br/>So why don't you all sit down<br/>Listen to the tale I'm about to tell<br/>Hell, we don't gotta trade our shoes<br/>And you ain't gotta walk no thousand miles<br/><br/>In my shoes, just to see<br/>What it's like, to be me<br/>I'll be you, let's trade shoes<br/>Just to see what it'd be like<br/><br/>To feel your pain, you feel mine<br/>Go inside each others minds<br/>Just to see what we'd find<br/>Look at shit through each others eyes<br/><br/>Don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked, just stay true to you<br/>So don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked, just stay true to you<br/><br/>Nobody asked for life to deal us<br/>With these bullshit hands we're dealt<br/>We gotta take these cards ourselves<br/>And flip 'em, don't expect no help<br/><br/>Now I could've either just sat on my ass<br/>And pissed and moaned<br/>Or take this situation in which I'm placed in<br/>And get up and get my own<br/><br/>I was never the type of kid<br/>To wait by the door and pack his bags<br/>I sat on the porch and hoped and prayed<br/>For a dad to show up who never did<br/><br/>I just wanted to fit in<br/>Every single place, every school I went<br/>I dreamed of being that cool kid<br/>Even if it meant acting stupid<br/><br/>And Edna always told me<br/>Keep making that face and it'll get stuck like that<br/>Meanwhile I'm just standing there<br/>Holding my tongue tryna talk like that<br/><br/>'Til I stuck my tongue on that frozen stop sign pole<br/>At 8 years old<br/>I learned my lesson then<br/>'Cause I wasn't trying to impress my friends no more<br/><br/>But I already told you my whole life story<br/>Not just based on my description<br/>'Cause where you see it, from where you're sittin<br/>It's probably 110% different<br/><br/>I guess we would have to walk a mile<br/>In each others shoes at least<br/>What size you wear? I wear 10's<br/>Let's see if you can fit your feet<br/><br/>In my shoes, just to see<br/>What it's like, to be me<br/>I'll be you, let's trade shoes<br/>Just to see what it'd be like<br/><br/>To feel your pain, you feel mine<br/>Go inside each others minds<br/>Just to see what we'd find<br/>Look at shit through each others eyes<br/><br/>Don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked just stay true to you<br/>So don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked just stay true to you<br/><br/>So don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful<br/>They can all get fucked just stay true to you<br/>So<br/><br/>Lately I've been hard to reach<br/>I've been too long on my own<br/>Everybody has their private world<br/>Where they can be alone<br/><br/>Are you calling me?<br/>Are you trying to get through?<br/>Are you reaching out for me?<br/>I'm reaching out for you<br/><br/>Yeah, to my babies<br/>Stay strong, daddy will be home soon<br/><br/>And to the rest of the world<br/>God gave you shoes to fit you<br/>So put 'em on and wear 'em<br/>Be yourself man, be proud of who you are<br/>Even if it sounds corny<br/>Don't ever let anyone tell you you ain't beautiful<br/> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">和谐作为一个治国安邦的基本理念和基本方略，对于我国经济、社会和文化的发展，甚至对于人类文明，都具有深刻的意义。我国是统一的多民族国家，民族自治地方占国土面积的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">64</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％。这一基本国情，决定了民族问题始终是我们建设中国特色社会主义必须处理好的一个重大问题，也决定了民族工作始终是关系党和人民事业发展全局的一项重大工作。民族问题不是孤立的社会问题，是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。中共中央十六届六中全会确立的建设和谐社会的第一个任务和目标就是要实现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">社会主义民主法制更加完善，依法治国基本方略得到全面落实，人民的权益得到切实尊重和保障。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">少数民族地区经济和社会的全面发展离不开法制的健全和完善。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="4"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一、完善民族地方自治立法对构建和谐社会的作用</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="4"> 和谐社会首先是民主法治的社会。健全民族自治地方立法，完善《民族区域自治法》的配套法律法规．是促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会的全面发展，不断巩固各民族平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系，充分保障少数民族合法权益的必然选择。</font></span><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．完善民族地方自治立法，有利于坚持和完善民族区域自治制度</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 民族区域自治制度是我国基本政治制度之一，是我国民族政策体系制度化、法律化的基本载体，《民族区域自治法》是国家保障少数民族和民族地区各项权利的基本法律，是我国民族工作走上法制化、规范化轨道的重要保障，是构建和谐社会的法制基础。正确处理民族问题，涉及我国经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与和谐社会建设各个方面，我国《宪法》和《民族区域自治法》赋予了民族自治地方政治、经济、文化、社会等各方面广泛的自治权。民族自治地方的立法自治权是首要的基本的自治权，对其他自治权的有效行使具有重要意义。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 民族自治地方立法是民族区域自治制度的有机组成部分，民族自治地方立法的健全与完善，是实现区域自治的根本保障。民族自治地方立法能够有效保障少数民族地区人民平等的民主权利和管理本民族事务的权利，不断巩固和发展社会主义民族关系。建立健全民族自治地方立法，才能更好地贯彻落实民族区域自治制度，使民族区域自治真正落到实处，充分保证民族自治地方依法行使自治权，依法保障多民族国家的安宁和民族关系的发展与和谐。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．完善民族地方自治立法，能够有效促进和谐的民族大家庭建设</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 胡锦涛指出：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会，应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">其中民主法治、公平正义、诚信、安定有序等，无不体现着法治的基本价值。法治是和谐社会的必然要求，是实现公平正义的根本保证，也是和谐社会构建与发展的关键。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 民族关系是多民族国家中至关重要的社会关系。在漫长的历史进程中，我国各族人民密切交往、相互依存、休戚与共，形成了中华民族多元一体的格局，共同推动了国家发展和社会进步。正确处理民族问题，使各族人民和睦相处、和谐发展，对于我们建设社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明与和谐社会，促进社会主义祖国的繁荣昌盛，维护社会主义祖国的统一安全，实现各民族共同繁荣发展，意义深远。少数民族地区构建和谐社会，就是实现各族人民的共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，保持社会的长治久安，实现人与人之间、各民族之间、人与社会之间、人与自然之间、少数民族地区与非少数民族地区之间的和谐发展。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 平等、团结、和谐、互助的民族关系需要用法律的手段和方式来保障，影响民族关系的各种矛盾和问题需要在法治的途径下妥善解决。完善民族自治地方立法，维护法律尊严，依法维护各族人民利益，是建设和谐的民族大家庭的重要条件。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．完善民族地方自治立法，可以为民族地区的经济发展保驾护航</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 进入新世纪新阶段，实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，对做好民族工作提出了新的课题和更高的要求。少数民族地区的经济发展是民族发展的核心问题，民族自治地方依法享有自主的管理和发展本地经济事业的权力。《民族区域自治法》的七十二个法律条文中，有关经济发展的占了三分之一，足以表明国家对发展民族经济的法律保障的充分重视。散见于《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》和其他单行经济法规中关于民族经济的规定，大多属于概括、笼统的原则性规定，操作性、适应性不强，需要民族地方立法来加以细化。通过少数民族的地方经济立法，能够更好地把党和国家的路线、方针、政策，同本地区、本民族经济发展的实际情况结合起来，把国家对民族地区的经济优惠政策和《民族区域自治法》规定的经济自治权有机协调和统一，正确处理公平竞争和特殊保护的关系，按照本民族和地区的特点、条件和需要，加强民族经济地方立法，依法加快和推动民族地区经济发展，为全面建设和谐社会奠定物质基础。</span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
</font></span> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="4"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">二、我国民族自治地方立法概况及存在的问题</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治地方的立法依据和立法概况</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治权作为民族区域自治的核心，在民族区域自治制度中具有极为重要的地位和意义，而立法自治权又是最重要的自治权。自治机关的立法自治权是指民族自治地方的自治机关根据宪法和法律的规定，依据当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治法规的权力。它包括两个层级的内容：一是制定自治条例和单行条例；二是变通执行或者停止执行上级国家的如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的决议、决定、命令和指示。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 由于民族自治地方具有不同于一般地方的特殊性，为便于其更好地管理本地方民族事务，使自治落到实处，我国《宪法》第一百一十五条规定民族自治地方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">根据本地方实际情况贯彻执行国家的法律、政策。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这是民族自治地方制定自治条例和单行条例的原则依据。《宪法》第一百一十六条、《民族区域自治法》第十九条，《立法法》第六十六条第二款均规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《立法法》第六十六条、第八十一条规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自治条例和单行条例可以依照当地民族的特点，对法律和行政法规的规定作出变通规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自治条例和单行条例依法对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的，在本自治地方适用自治条例和单行条例的规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《民族区域自治法》第二十条规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令和指示，如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以报经该上级国家机关批准，变通执行或停止执行。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">” <br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 截止</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2003</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年底，我国共建立了一百五十五个民族自治地方，其中包括五个自治区、三十个自治州、一百二十个自治县（旗）。在五十五个少数民族中，有四十四个建立了自治地方，实行区域自治的少数民族人口占少数民族总人口的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">71</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％，民族自治地方的面积占全国国土总面积的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">64</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％左右。民族自治地方共制定自治条例一百三十三个、单行条例三百八十四个，民族自治地方根据本地的实际，对婚姻法、继承法、选举法、土地法、草原法等法律的变通和补充规定有六十八件，建立了相应的民族法律制度，形成了初步的民族法体系。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族地方立法效率亟需提高</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 全国五大自治区至今未制定自治条例，新疆维吾尔自治区的五个自治州没有制定州一级的自治条例，二十五个已制定的州自治条例均制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1985</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1991</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，几乎没有修改过；自治县自治条例均制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1986</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，之后也都未曾修改；单行条例大多制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，只有延边朝鲜族自治州制定的单行条例于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1997</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年进行过修改。由于时代背景的限制，很多法规带有较浓厚的计划经济色彩，过于陈旧，有些甚至严重滞后，缺乏适应性和可操作性。由于修订不及时，使得自治条例严重落后于社会生活实践，从而影响了自治条例的严肃性和权威性，使法律设定的立法自治权形同虚设。内蒙古自治区和广西壮族自治区的自治条例自上世纪八十年代就已开始起草制定，至今已完成二十余个草案修改稿，却仍然没有出台。民族自治地方立法的陈旧与缺失已经远远不能适应民族地区经济和社会发展对法治的迫切要求。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治立法的内容需要进一步拓展</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治法规在数量上比较少，内容还不全面，较为单一，调整面狭窄。自治州、自治县的自治条例、单行条例几乎都集中在婚姻家庭、继承、计划生育、选举、土地、森林方面，缺乏适应自治地方经济、社会和文化建设全面发展的内容全面、分类合理的配套法规。关于发展民族地方经济、少数民族传统文化保护和少数民族地区生态环境保护的内容目前都比较薄弱。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 对于体现少数民族特点方面的事项有可能是国家法律、行政法规和地方性法规所顾及不到或顾及不细、不全的，或者是高度抽象概括的，针对性、适应性差，为了保障实行区域自治的民族在政治、经济、文化、语言文字、风俗习惯、生活方式和宗教信仰等方面的权利得到全面实现，民族自治地方立法机关应统筹安排，科学规划，建立和健全同实施《民族区域自治法》配套的民族法规体系。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治地方的立法质量有待提高</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 民族自治地方的立法技术比较粗糙，未能鲜明地体现当地政治、经济和文化的具体特点。因而，既不能为民族地区发展提供有力的法律保障，也未能充分行使好国家法律赋予的立法自治权。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 为了追求形式上的完善和内容的齐全，很多民族地方自治法规的条文过多地照抄照搬法律、行政法规、规章以及有关政策性条文和规定，结果使从实际情况出发解决实际问题的条文淹没在一般性条文中，政策性、原则性条款多，针对性不强、可操作性差，脱离实际，缺乏民族性和地方特色。一些民族自治地方的自治条例和单行条例体现的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">变通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">原则，由于受国家法律有关</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不违背</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">原则的制约，而致使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">变通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">条款失去效力。例如，有的民族自治地方政府以减税来扶持某个项目的发展，但又与国家税收法相悖，从而使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">减免</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">措施难以获得批准，失去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">调节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">功能，在实践中难以落到实处。民族地方自治立法的报批制度从制度设计、可行性、公正性等方面存在许多弊端，客观上也影响民族地方立法的效率和质量，因此有学者建议改</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">报批制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">备案制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。还有些单行条例名称欠规范，仅从名称上难以辨别其层次和效力等级。如：《甘南藏族自治州草原管理办法》、《湘西土家族苗族自治州环境保护若干规定》等。</span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="4"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">三、健全口完善我国民族自治地方立法的对策和建议</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 胡锦涛总书记在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年中央民族工作会议上强调指出：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">要抓紧制定配套的法律法规、具体措施和办法，制定或修订自治条例和单行条例，逐步建立比较完备的具有中国特色的民族法律法规体系。要经常检查民族区域自治法贯彻执行的情况，有针对性地研究和解决存在的问题。民族自治地方既要保证党和国家大政方针在本地区的贯彻执行，又要从本地实际出发，充分行使好《宪法》和《民族区域自治法》赋予的各项自治权利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">维护祖国统一，促进民族团结，加强经济建设，构建和谐的民族社会，立法必须先行。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．转变观念、充分行使民族地方立法自治权</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 自治权是自治机关依照宪法和法律的规定，根据当地民族的实际，自主管理本地方、本民族事务的一种特定权利，是民族自治与区域自治相结合的产物，是统一性与自主性相结合的结果。自治地方制定自治条例、单行条例以及变通规定，是《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》和《立法法》所赋予自治地方的立法权，是充分尊重各自治地方自治权的表现。而自治地方怠于行使制定自治条例和单行条例的权力，不符合我国民族区域自治制度的初衷，是对自治地方自治权的漠视或放弃。所以，各自治地方首先应该增强自治立法的主动性和积极性，认真行使法律所赋予的自治权，以期通过法制来发展自治地方的政治、经济和文化建设。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 国家机关特别是上级职能部门应提高对民族自治地方行使立法权的重要性、必要性的认识，真正做到为民族自治地方行使立法权创造条件，帮助民族自治地方立法自治权的落实。民族自治地方自身也应提高对行使立法权的重要性、必要性的认识，发挥主观能动性，根据本地方本民族的实际情况，制定出能促进经济、社会快速发展的自治条例和单行条例；要加强对变通权的研究和认识，充分行使法律法规赋予民族自治地方的变通权。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="4"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
</font><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．提高立法效率，抓紧制定五大自治区自治条例</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 立法所固定、明确和规范的是当时社会现实的某一方面，它反映的是静态的社会生活实践，而民族地方自治的社会、经济和文化却在不断的发展、变化之中。随着时间的推移和市场环境的变化，原有的立法条件也发生了变化，对我国现行的民族地方立法进行补充、修改和废止成为必然。民族自治地方立法机关在职权范围内，适时地对现行有效的法规进行清理，对存在的法规进行审查，确定它们是否继续使用或是否需要加以修改、补充或废止，以保持法律法规协调一致，便于法的有效使用和实施，实现民族自治地方立法与国家法制的统一。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 自治区的自治条例是调整整个自治区内社会关系的基本法规，然而五个自治区至今无一自治条例出台，这不能不说是我国民族法制建设中的重大遗憾。五个自治区在起草制定自治条例方面，已经做过长期的大量的工作，取得了一定的成绩，积累了丰富的经验，有着坚实的工作基础。五个自治区都处于我国的边疆地区，幅员辽阔、矿藏丰富，是西部大开发、大建设的重要组成部分。审时度势，抓住西部大开发和建设和谐社会的契机，及时制定自治区自治条例，是加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展，逐步缩小发展差距，实现区域协调发展，最终实现全国各族人民共同富裕的重要保障。民族地方自治立法的效率、效益和质量是有机统一、相辅相成的，不能为了盲目追求立法的效率而忽视了立法质量，也不能单纯苛求立法的质量而罔顾立法的成本、效益与效率原则，而应减少立法成本，避免时间、精力与财力的过度消耗。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．完善自治法规内容，加强经济立法</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 市场经济是法制经济，邓小平同志曾说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">实行民族区域自治，不把经济搞好，那么自治就是空的，一系列的经济问题不解决，就会出乱子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">经济发展的现状与水平，既是制约《民族区域自治法》的前提性因素，又是保障其实施的基础性条件。经济搞上去了，才能不断充实实行民族区域自治制度的物质基础，促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会的全面发展。由于受历史基础和地理条件等诸多因素的制约和影响，少数民族分布较集中的西部地区，经济和社会发展水平不高，特别是一些偏远地区，还比较落后。坚持和完善民族区域自治，充分发挥制度优势，不断提高民族地区的经济和社会发展水平，是新世纪中国全面建设小康社会所要着力解决的问题。促进民族经济发展，除了充分利用国家的各项优惠政策和措施外，更主要的是利用法律手段，确认和规范民族经济发展中的各种关系和行为，加强市场主体立法，加强宏观调控立法，充分发挥宏观调控方面法律的作用，加强市场管理法律法规的制定，使市场行为主体规范化，市场秩序正常化。逐步形成适合少数民族地方经济发展要求的民族经济法规，切实促进和保障少数民族经济发展全面、协调和可持续发展。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．科学规划立法，重视立法技术</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 总体上，民族自治地方的立法往往缺乏统筹规划，未能结合时代背景及实际需要，对本民族自治地方的整个立法工作进行通盘考虑，全面规划，统筹安排，明确民族地方立法的任务和方向；在微观层面，民族地方自治立法的水平还需要进一步提高。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 日前，我国立法体制中的薄弱环节是民族自治地方的立法机关。要彻底改变这种状况，对于民族自治地方立法项目、效力层次、时间安排、立法主体、利益协调应当做出全局性、总括性、长远性的规划和安排，完善与民族自治立法相关的各个环节，使民族立法更加科学、民主、更富有效率，避免立法散乱、随意、缺少计划性和法律体系的混乱和不统一，以期建立一个层次清晰、结构合理、分类明确、内容全面的民族自治法律体系。通过对民族自治立法的预测、论证和总体设计，有利于民族立法与民族经济发展的协调和统一；通过对民族自治立法项目进行通盘考虑和总体部署，明确立法任务和方向，分清轻重缓急，突出立法重点，发挥法规的整体功能。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 在具体的民族立法过程中，还要充分重视法的构造技术，包括字、词、章节、目录等等都要符合规范，以避免使用过程中的歧义和解释的困难，提高民族立法的可操作性。</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">．重视对少数民族习惯法的研究和借鉴</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 每一民族都有自己独特的历史、文化和风俗习惯，构成了一个民族的内部规定性。民族习惯法是各民族长期生产生活经验的总结，是民族成员间共同认可和遵守的行为准则和规章，不但具有乡土社会的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地方性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，而且具有极强的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">民族性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，具有相当强的地域约束力，制约和影响着民族的各种活动。民族习惯法调整的内容具体、细致，涉及社会生活的方方面面，针对性和可操作性相对更强。在国家统一制定法的背景下，少数民族习惯法不仅在传统的婚姻、家庭等领域发挥着不可或缺的功能与价值，甚至在刑法实践中，也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">真实而有力的存在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">着，民族习惯法将在我国少数民族地区长期存在。因此，深入考察民族地区尤其是民族地区基层法院的司法实践，重估少数民族习惯法的价值、作用和表现形式，以《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》赋予的自治权为基础，将少数民族习惯法中的精粹和合理成分加以确立、传承和固化，通过变通和补充的方式纳入国家法体系，为国家法和少数民族习惯法的良性互动提供空间和支持，将有利于国家法的实施和其权威的维护，有利于促进民族地区的和谐社会建设。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
</font><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="99%" border="0" style="WIDTH: 99%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 3.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; HEIGHT: 3.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 4pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p></span></p><div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98%" border="0" style="WIDTH: 98%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">【内容提要】民族区域自治制度是我国处理民族问题的基本政治制度。作为民族区域自治制度有效保障的民族自治地方立法还不尽完善，制约着和谐社会的建设步伐。完善民族自治地方立法，需要切实转变观念，提高立法效率，重视立法技术，充实有关内容，加强民族经济立法，重视对少数民族习惯法的研究和借鉴。健全和完善民族自治地方立法，有利于坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，促进和谐的民族大家庭建设，加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会全面协调和可持续发展，实现各民族共同繁荣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 【关键词】民族区域自治</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">立法</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">和谐社会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">和谐作为一个治国安邦的基本理念和基本方略，对于我国经济、社会和文化的发展，甚至对于人类文明，都具有深刻的意义。我国是统一的多民族国家，民族自治地方占国土面积的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">64</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％。这一基本国情，决定了民族问题始终是我们建设中国特色社会主义必须处理好的一个重大问题，也决定了民族工作始终是关系党和人民事业发展全局的一项重大工作。民族问题不是孤立的社会问题，是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。中共中央十六届六中全会确立的建设和谐社会的第一个任务和目标就是要实现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">社会主义民主法制更加完善，依法治国基本方略得到全面落实，人民的权益得到切实尊重和保障。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">少数民族地区经济和社会的全面发展离不开法制的健全和完善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一、完善民族地方自治立法对构建和谐社会的作用</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 和谐社会首先是民主法治的社会。健全民族自治地方立法，完善《民族区域自治法》的配套法律法规．是促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会的全面发展，不断巩固各民族平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系，充分保障少数民族合法权益的必然选择。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．完善民族地方自治立法，有利于坚持和完善民族区域自治制度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 民族区域自治制度是我国基本政治制度之一，是我国民族政策体系制度化、法律化的基本载体，《民族区域自治法》是国家保障少数民族和民族地区各项权利的基本法律，是我国民族工作走上法制化、规范化轨道的重要保障，是构建和谐社会的法制基础。正确处理民族问题，涉及我国经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与和谐社会建设各个方面，我国《宪法》和《民族区域自治法》赋予了民族自治地方政治、经济、文化、社会等各方面广泛的自治权。民族自治地方的立法自治权是首要的基本的自治权，对其他自治权的有效行使具有重要意义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 民族自治地方立法是民族区域自治制度的有机组成部分，民族自治地方立法的健全与完善，是实现区域自治的根本保障。民族自治地方立法能够有效保障少数民族地区人民平等的民主权利和管理本民族事务的权利，不断巩固和发展社会主义民族关系。建立健全民族自治地方立法，才能更好地贯彻落实民族区域自治制度，使民族区域自治真正落到实处，充分保证民族自治地方依法行使自治权，依法保障多民族国家的安宁和民族关系的发展与和谐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．完善民族地方自治立法，能够有效促进和谐的民族大家庭建设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 胡锦涛指出：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会，应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">其中民主法治、公平正义、诚信、安定有序等，无不体现着法治的基本价值。法治是和谐社会的必然要求，是实现公平正义的根本保证，也是和谐社会构建与发展的关键。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 民族关系是多民族国家中至关重要的社会关系。在漫长的历史进程中，我国各族人民密切交往、相互依存、休戚与共，形成了中华民族多元一体的格局，共同推动了国家发展和社会进步。正确处理民族问题，使各族人民和睦相处、和谐发展，对于我们建设社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明与和谐社会，促进社会主义祖国的繁荣昌盛，维护社会主义祖国的统一安全，实现各民族共同繁荣发展，意义深远。少数民族地区构建和谐社会，就是实现各族人民的共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，保持社会的长治久安，实现人与人之间、各民族之间、人与社会之间、人与自然之间、少数民族地区与非少数民族地区之间的和谐发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 平等、团结、和谐、互助的民族关系需要用法律的手段和方式来保障，影响民族关系的各种矛盾和问题需要在法治的途径下妥善解决。完善民族自治地方立法，维护法律尊严，依法维护各族人民利益，是建设和谐的民族大家庭的重要条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．完善民族地方自治立法，可以为民族地区的经济发展保驾护航</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 进入新世纪新阶段，实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，对做好民族工作提出了新的课题和更高的要求。少数民族地区的经济发展是民族发展的核心问题，民族自治地方依法享有自主的管理和发展本地经济事业的权力。《民族区域自治法》的七十二个法律条文中，有关经济发展的占了三分之一，足以表明国家对发展民族经济的法律保障的充分重视。散见于《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》和其他单行经济法规中关于民族经济的规定，大多属于概括、笼统的原则性规定，操作性、适应性不强，需要民族地方立法来加以细化。通过少数民族的地方经济立法，能够更好地把党和国家的路线、方针、政策，同本地区、本民族经济发展的实际情况结合起来，把国家对民族地区的经济优惠政策和《民族区域自治法》规定的经济自治权有机协调和统一，正确处理公平竞争和特殊保护的关系，按照本民族和地区的特点、条件和需要，加强民族经济地方立法，依法加快和推动民族地区经济发展，为全面建设和谐社会奠定物质基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">二、我国民族自治地方立法概况及存在的问题</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治地方的立法依据和立法概况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治权作为民族区域自治的核心，在民族区域自治制度中具有极为重要的地位和意义，而立法自治权又是最重要的自治权。自治机关的立法自治权是指民族自治地方的自治机关根据宪法和法律的规定，依据当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治法规的权力。它包括两个层级的内容：一是制定自治条例和单行条例；二是变通执行或者停止执行上级国家的如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的决议、决定、命令和指示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 由于民族自治地方具有不同于一般地方的特殊性，为便于其更好地管理本地方民族事务，使自治落到实处，我国《宪法》第一百一十五条规定民族自治地方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">根据本地方实际情况贯彻执行国家的法律、政策。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这是民族自治地方制定自治条例和单行条例的原则依据。《宪法》第一百一十六条、《民族区域自治法》第十九条，《立法法》第六十六条第二款均规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《立法法》第六十六条、第八十一条规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自治条例和单行条例可以依照当地民族的特点，对法律和行政法规的规定作出变通规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自治条例和单行条例依法对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的，在本自治地方适用自治条例和单行条例的规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《民族区域自治法》第二十条规定：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令和指示，如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以报经该上级国家机关批准，变通执行或停止执行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">” <br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 截止</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2003</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年底，我国共建立了一百五十五个民族自治地方，其中包括五个自治区、三十个自治州、一百二十个自治县（旗）。在五十五个少数民族中，有四十四个建立了自治地方，实行区域自治的少数民族人口占少数民族总人口的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">71</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％，民族自治地方的面积占全国国土总面积的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">64</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">％左右。民族自治地方共制定自治条例一百三十三个、单行条例三百八十四个，民族自治地方根据本地的实际，对婚姻法、继承法、选举法、土地法、草原法等法律的变通和补充规定有六十八件，建立了相应的民族法律制度，形成了初步的民族法体系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族地方立法效率亟需提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 全国五大自治区至今未制定自治条例，新疆维吾尔自治区的五个自治州没有制定州一级的自治条例，二十五个已制定的州自治条例均制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1985</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1991</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，几乎没有修改过；自治县自治条例均制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1986</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，之后也都未曾修改；单行条例大多制定于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年，只有延边朝鲜族自治州制定的单行条例于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1997</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年进行过修改。由于时代背景的限制，很多法规带有较浓厚的计划经济色彩，过于陈旧，有些甚至严重滞后，缺乏适应性和可操作性。由于修订不及时，使得自治条例严重落后于社会生活实践，从而影响了自治条例的严肃性和权威性，使法律设定的立法自治权形同虚设。内蒙古自治区和广西壮族自治区的自治条例自上世纪八十年代就已开始起草制定，至今已完成二十余个草案修改稿，却仍然没有出台。民族自治地方立法的陈旧与缺失已经远远不能适应民族地区经济和社会发展对法治的迫切要求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治立法的内容需要进一步拓展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治法规在数量上比较少，内容还不全面，较为单一，调整面狭窄。自治州、自治县的自治条例、单行条例几乎都集中在婚姻家庭、继承、计划生育、选举、土地、森林方面，缺乏适应自治地方经济、社会和文化建设全面发展的内容全面、分类合理的配套法规。关于发展民族地方经济、少数民族传统文化保护和少数民族地区生态环境保护的内容目前都比较薄弱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 对于体现少数民族特点方面的事项有可能是国家法律、行政法规和地方性法规所顾及不到或顾及不细、不全的，或者是高度抽象概括的，针对性、适应性差，为了保障实行区域自治的民族在政治、经济、文化、语言文字、风俗习惯、生活方式和宗教信仰等方面的权利得到全面实现，民族自治地方立法机关应统筹安排，科学规划，建立和健全同实施《民族区域自治法》配套的民族法规体系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族自治地方的立法质量有待提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 民族自治地方的立法技术比较粗糙，未能鲜明地体现当地政治、经济和文化的具体特点。因而，既不能为民族地区发展提供有力的法律保障，也未能充分行使好国家法律赋予的立法自治权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 为了追求形式上的完善和内容的齐全，很多民族地方自治法规的条文过多地照抄照搬法律、行政法规、规章以及有关政策性条文和规定，结果使从实际情况出发解决实际问题的条文淹没在一般性条文中，政策性、原则性条款多，针对性不强、可操作性差，脱离实际，缺乏民族性和地方特色。一些民族自治地方的自治条例和单行条例体现的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">变通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">原则，由于受国家法律有关</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不违背</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">原则的制约，而致使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">变通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">条款失去效力。例如，有的民族自治地方政府以减税来扶持某个项目的发展，但又与国家税收法相悖，从而使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">减免</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">措施难以获得批准，失去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">调节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">功能，在实践中难以落到实处。民族地方自治立法的报批制度从制度设计、可行性、公正性等方面存在许多弊端，客观上也影响民族地方立法的效率和质量，因此有学者建议改</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">报批制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">备案制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。还有些单行条例名称欠规范，仅从名称上难以辨别其层次和效力等级。如：《甘南藏族自治州草原管理办法》、《湘西土家族苗族自治州环境保护若干规定》等。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">三、健全口完善我国民族自治地方立法的对策和建议</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 胡锦涛总书记在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年中央民族工作会议上强调指出：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">要抓紧制定配套的法律法规、具体措施和办法，制定或修订自治条例和单行条例，逐步建立比较完备的具有中国特色的民族法律法规体系。要经常检查民族区域自治法贯彻执行的情况，有针对性地研究和解决存在的问题。民族自治地方既要保证党和国家大政方针在本地区的贯彻执行，又要从本地实际出发，充分行使好《宪法》和《民族区域自治法》赋予的各项自治权利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">维护祖国统一，促进民族团结，加强经济建设，构建和谐的民族社会，立法必须先行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．转变观念、充分行使民族地方立法自治权</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治权是自治机关依照宪法和法律的规定，根据当地民族的实际，自主管理本地方、本民族事务的一种特定权利，是民族自治与区域自治相结合的产物，是统一性与自主性相结合的结果。自治地方制定自治条例、单行条例以及变通规定，是《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》和《立法法》所赋予自治地方的立法权，是充分尊重各自治地方自治权的表现。而自治地方怠于行使制定自治条例和单行条例的权力，不符合我国民族区域自治制度的初衷，是对自治地方自治权的漠视或放弃。所以，各自治地方首先应该增强自治立法的主动性和积极性，认真行使法律所赋予的自治权，以期通过法制来发展自治地方的政治、经济和文化建设。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 国家机关特别是上级职能部门应提高对民族自治地方行使立法权的重要性、必要性的认识，真正做到为民族自治地方行使立法权创造条件，帮助民族自治地方立法自治权的落实。民族自治地方自身也应提高对行使立法权的重要性、必要性的认识，发挥主观能动性，根据本地方本民族的实际情况，制定出能促进经济、社会快速发展的自治条例和单行条例；要加强对变通权的研究和认识，充分行使法律法规赋予民族自治地方的变通权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．提高立法效率，抓紧制定五大自治区自治条例</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 立法所固定、明确和规范的是当时社会现实的某一方面，它反映的是静态的社会生活实践，而民族地方自治的社会、经济和文化却在不断的发展、变化之中。随着时间的推移和市场环境的变化，原有的立法条件也发生了变化，对我国现行的民族地方立法进行补充、修改和废止成为必然。民族自治地方立法机关在职权范围内，适时地对现行有效的法规进行清理，对存在的法规进行审查，确定它们是否继续使用或是否需要加以修改、补充或废止，以保持法律法规协调一致，便于法的有效使用和实施，实现民族自治地方立法与国家法制的统一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 自治区的自治条例是调整整个自治区内社会关系的基本法规，然而五个自治区至今无一自治条例出台，这不能不说是我国民族法制建设中的重大遗憾。五个自治区在起草制定自治条例方面，已经做过长期的大量的工作，取得了一定的成绩，积累了丰富的经验，有着坚实的工作基础。五个自治区都处于我国的边疆地区，幅员辽阔、矿藏丰富，是西部大开发、大建设的重要组成部分。审时度势，抓住西部大开发和建设和谐社会的契机，及时制定自治区自治条例，是加快少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展，逐步缩小发展差距，实现区域协调发展，最终实现全国各族人民共同富裕的重要保障。民族地方自治立法的效率、效益和质量是有机统一、相辅相成的，不能为了盲目追求立法的效率而忽视了立法质量，也不能单纯苛求立法的质量而罔顾立法的成本、效益与效率原则，而应减少立法成本，避免时间、精力与财力的过度消耗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．完善自治法规内容，加强经济立法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 市场经济是法制经济，邓小平同志曾说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">实行民族区域自治，不把经济搞好，那么自治就是空的，一系列的经济问题不解决，就会出乱子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">经济发展的现状与水平，既是制约《民族区域自治法》的前提性因素，又是保障其实施的基础性条件。经济搞上去了，才能不断充实实行民族区域自治制度的物质基础，促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会的全面发展。由于受历史基础和地理条件等诸多因素的制约和影响，少数民族分布较集中的西部地区，经济和社会发展水平不高，特别是一些偏远地区，还比较落后。坚持和完善民族区域自治，充分发挥制度优势，不断提高民族地区的经济和社会发展水平，是新世纪中国全面建设小康社会所要着力解决的问题。促进民族经济发展，除了充分利用国家的各项优惠政策和措施外，更主要的是利用法律手段，确认和规范民族经济发展中的各种关系和行为，加强市场主体立法，加强宏观调控立法，充分发挥宏观调控方面法律的作用，加强市场管理法律法规的制定，使市场行为主体规范化，市场秩序正常化。逐步形成适合少数民族地方经济发展要求的民族经济法规，切实促进和保障少数民族经济发展全面、协调和可持续发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．科学规划立法，重视立法技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 总体上，民族自治地方的立法往往缺乏统筹规划，未能结合时代背景及实际需要，对本民族自治地方的整个立法工作进行通盘考虑，全面规划，统筹安排，明确民族地方立法的任务和方向；在微观层面，民族地方自治立法的水平还需要进一步提高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 日前，我国立法体制中的薄弱环节是民族自治地方的立法机关。要彻底改变这种状况，对于民族自治地方立法项目、效力层次、时间安排、立法主体、利益协调应当做出全局性、总括性、长远性的规划和安排，完善与民族自治立法相关的各个环节，使民族立法更加科学、民主、更富有效率，避免立法散乱、随意、缺少计划性和法律体系的混乱和不统一，以期建立一个层次清晰、结构合理、分类明确、内容全面的民族自治法律体系。通过对民族自治立法的预测、论证和总体设计，有利于民族立法与民族经济发展的协调和统一；通过对民族自治立法项目进行通盘考虑和总体部署，明确立法任务和方向，分清轻重缓急，突出立法重点，发挥法规的整体功能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 在具体的民族立法过程中，还要充分重视法的构造技术，包括字、词、章节、目录等等都要符合规范，以避免使用过程中的歧义和解释的困难，提高民族立法的可操作性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．重视对少数民族习惯法的研究和借鉴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 每一民族都有自己独特的历史、文化和风俗习惯，构成了一个民族的内部规定性。民族习惯法是各民族长期生产生活经验的总结，是民族成员间共同认可和遵守的行为准则和规章，不但具有乡土社会的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">地方性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，而且具有极强的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">民族性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，具有相当强的地域约束力，制约和影响着民族的各种活动。民族习惯法调整的内容具体、细致，涉及社会生活的方方面面，针对性和可操作性相对更强。在国家统一制定法的背景下，少数民族习惯法不仅在传统的婚姻、家庭等领域发挥着不可或缺的功能与价值，甚至在刑法实践中，也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">真实而有力的存在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">着，民族习惯法将在我国少数民族地区长期存在。因此，深入考察民族地区尤其是民族地区基层法院的司法实践，重估少数民族习惯法的价值、作用和表现形式，以《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》赋予的自治权为基础，将少数民族习惯法中的精粹和合理成分加以确立、传承和固化，通过变通和补充的方式纳入国家法体系，为国家法和少数民族习惯法的良性互动提供空间和支持，将有利于国家法的实施和其权威的维护，有利于促进民族地区的和谐社会建设。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 【作者介绍】大连民族学院文法学院讲师，法学硕士，研究方向为比较法学、民族法学；大连民族学院文法学院副教授，法学博士，研究方向为法理学、民族法学。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">注释与参考文献</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 胡锦涛．在中央民族工作会议暨国务院第四次全国民族团结进步表彰大会上的讲话</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．人民政协报，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005-05-29</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 中国共产党第十六届中央委员会第六次全体会议公报</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．人民日报，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006-10-12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 吴宗金，张晓辉．中国民族区域自治法学（第二版）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．北京：法律出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 国务院新闻办公室．中国的民族区域自治白皮书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">http</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">//news</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">xinhuanet</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">com/newscenter/2005—02/28/content—2627827</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">htm</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005—2—28</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 朱玉福．加强自治地方自治法规建设保障民族自治地方全面建设小康社会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．黑龙江民族丛刊，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">）：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 王仁定．关于制定自治区自治条例问题的思考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．内蒙古师大学报，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">）：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">39-43</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 田成有．地方立法的理论与实践</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．北京：中国法制出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 刘文光．关于民族自治地方政府依法行政问题之我见</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．民族问题研究，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">）：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">37-40</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 陈绍凡．我国民族自治地方立法若干问题研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．伍精华．民族理论论集</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．北京：民族出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 邓小平．关于西南少数民族问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．邓小平文选（第一卷）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．北京：人民出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1989</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 杜宇．重拾一种被放逐的知识传统一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">刑法视域中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">习惯法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的初步考察．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．北京：北京大学出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p></span></p> <p></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">张殿军</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">刘灵芝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">来源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">中国法律信息网</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">本文转自</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">中国检察网</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">http://www.cnjccn.com/html/2007741429591900.html<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">
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