土著虎尾 发表于 2008-12-30 22:14:00

[转帖]北大历史系李孝聪教授谈广西地缘政治结构

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">由于湘江发源于广西境内,与漓江间的分水岭不算高峻,因此,在广西东北部形成与湖广联系的天然孔道。导致广西地区的发展总是与长江中游的历史联系在一起,并通过湖广、江汉地区,而受到中原文化的渲染和教化。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">春秋战国时期,属于百越的一部分,后为楚的领地。秦始皇三十三年(公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">214</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),秦朝出兵统一岭南地区,大军由湘江、灵渠而入,设立南海郡、桂林和象郡。今广西分属各郡,广西简称“桂”,盖因秦置桂林郡而得名。秦末,南海尉赵佗占据岭南,并桂林、象郡,而立南越国。汉武帝元鼎五年(公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">112</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),出兵平南越,在今广西境内设立了苍梧、郁林、合浦三郡。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">广西的地形地势对历代广西建制的影响,主要表现在云开大山、六万大山和十万大山此列弧形山脉以内的诸郡无论怎样分合,常隶属于广州;而此弧形山脉以外的合浦郡多分隶属于统辖交趾半岛的交州;广西东北部的郡县,有时划归湘江流域的高一级行政建制统合。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">隋唐时期在今广西境内划分的州县建制,基本上奠定了今天广西的行政格局。唐懿宗咸通三年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">862</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),分岭南道为岭南东道和岭南西道,岭南西道不仅囊括今广西大部分地区外,还统管今广东的雷州半岛和海南岛。从地域交通形势来看,雷州半岛与海南岛可以通过钦、廉地区,与北方、中原的联系并不费力。雷州半岛与海南岛究竟听命于中原政权,还是受制于广东,要看哪方的势力更强。五代十国期间,广西地方先属于盘据湖南的楚国,后隶于南汉,就是一例。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">宋朝分广南东、西二路,为“广西”名称之始,路治设在桂州(今桂林),所置州县地域范围与唐代基本相同。北宋侬智高起兵失败后,宋朝在广西南部少数民族地区设立土州、县、峒五十余处。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">元代,设立广西两江道宣慰使司和岭南广西道肃政廉访司,隶属于湖广行省,又是从长江中游控制广西地区的例证。至正二十三年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1363</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),设置广西等处行中书省,为广西设省的开始。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">明代,将原属于湖广行省的全州划给广西布政使司,将原属广西的廉州、钦州,雷州半岛与海南岛皆划归广东管辖。清代的广西维持明朝的格局未变,省治在桂林,下辖桂林、柳州等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">府,郁林</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直隶州及上思、百色</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直隶厅。在少数民族聚居的南宁、庆远、思恩、太平、镇安、泗州境设土州</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、土县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、土司</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、长官司</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1952</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,钦州地区才又划归广西,但是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1954—1965</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,又一度划归广东省,由</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此可见,被云开大山、六万大山和十万大山此列弧形山脉隔在外围的钦州地区,即原合浦</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">郡的隶属问题,一直是广西地方政区划分上的一个变数。“广西盆地”本身是封闭的,只有南面钦州地区临海,才使广西能够具备一个对外联系的出口。因此,从广西的发展来看,绝</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">不应当将其划分出去。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4">广西地区地缘政治结构中另一个值得注意的问题是广西的区域中心城市放在那里?历<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">史上,桂林长期作为广西地区的首府,南宁的兴起只是最近百年间的事情。如果以桂林为首府,位置偏北,有利于与北方内地的联系,适于进退,但是不便于对桂南的经略。南宁位置居中,选作首府,更有利于对广西全境的管理。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
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土著虎尾 发表于 2008-12-30 22:17:00

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土著虎尾 发表于 2008-12-30 22:15:00

原文见<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">区域历史地理网上讲义之五</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span></p>

土著虎尾 发表于 2008-12-30 22:16:00

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土著虎尾 发表于 2008-12-30 22:16:00

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越裔引强 发表于 2008-12-31 00:29:00

更多的是列举广西行政区划的历史变化而已,只是讲述历史而没有"地缘政治"的分析.现在的教授们啊,都不好好立足自己的研究领域,很多人喜欢乱叉脚!能坐得住冷板凳的少了~~~

僚家人 发表于 2008-12-31 12:56:00

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