郁水啸翁 发表于 2007-10-24 11:33:00

你盘古我也盘古,你龙母我也龙母!

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;你盘古,我也盘古;你龙母,我也龙母!</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;民族文化如此匮乏空洞,不这样又能怎样!?</p><table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" width="95%" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td><div align="center"><font size="4"><b></b></font></div><div align="center"><font size="4"><b>弘扬盘古文化  加快老区崛起</b></font></div></td></tr><tr><td><div align="center"><font size="2">中国•桐柏盘古文化高层论坛暨经贸洽谈会成功举办</font></div><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table>&nbsp;<strong>新华网河南频道10月24日电</strong> 记者近日从中国民间文艺家协会盘古文化专业委员会了解到,"中国盘古之乡"--河南省桐柏县于2007年1 0月19日(农历九月初九重阳节)成功举行了盘古文化高层论坛暨经贸洽谈会。这是该县继去年10月30日(农历九月初九重阳节)举行全球华人首次祭祀盘古<!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment-->大典之后举办的又一盘古文化盛会。 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;自从盘古开天地,三皇五帝到如今。盘古是人们心目中人类的祖先。自古至今,人类寻根问祖的努力一直没有停止。有关盘古开天的神话传说由先民口传心授流传至今。中国神话研究专家、桐柏县学者马卉欣先生并不满足于对古籍资料的收集,自上个世纪80年代以来,他坚持盘古神话研究的民族性和科学性,考察了全国19个省(自治区)20多个民族,获得了神话、民俗、民族、方志、地理、宗教等丰富资料,利用考古学、史学、民族学、战争学、宗教学、民俗学、神话学和民间文学的学理和手段,对全国乃至国外的盘古神话进行了比较研究,倾注二十余年精力,先后出版了《盘古之神》、《盘古学启论暨人类早期史纲》等多部专著。这些专著在用图腾标准、地理标准、民俗标准、敬祖标准、活化石标准"五把尺子"确立南阳桐柏山是盘古文化发源地的基础上,又从盘古文化形态、盘古文化发展史及史前史等方面进行了比较全面的综合研究论证,从而创立了盘古学新学科,为我国神话学填补了空白。这一重大理论成果石破天惊地轰动了国内外学术界。原中国神话学会主席袁珂先生曾给以高度评价:"(马卉欣先生)专著的出版真是洋洋大观,前所未有,这无疑是对中国神话研究所作的一项重大贡献……我将毫不犹豫地从成见的圈子里跳出来,欢欢喜喜地接受新知。"并欣然题词:"中原神话,文化之根,采风寻根,寻到了根"。 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;近年来,桐柏县委、县政府牢固树立了"抓文化就是抓经济"的理念,在河南省县级率先出台了《加强文化建设促进县域经济社会发展的若干意见》,高度重视文化建设,特别是把盘古文化研究作为一项重要工作摆上位置,紧抓不懈,成立了"桐柏县盘古文化研究会",进一步对桐柏山盘古神话资源进行了系统的挖掘、整理和研究,并积极开展了申报"中国盘古之乡"的工作。中国民间文艺家协会专家组多次赴桐柏考察论证,最终一致认定盘古神话在炎黄时代于河南南阳桐柏山一带成熟并最终定型。2005年3月,桐柏顺利通过了中国民协专业艺术管理委员会专家组验收,同年5月30日,中国民间文艺家协会正式命名桐柏县为"中国盘古之乡",同时举行了揭牌仪式和全国盘古文化研讨会。以桐柏县盘古文化研究会为依托,中国民协还批准在桐柏县建立了中国民间文艺家协会盘古文化专业委员会,这是中国民协24个专业委员会中惟一设立在县级的委员会。 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为把盘古文化资源优势转化为产业优势,2005年以来,该县积极开展了桐柏盘古文化申报参评"中国非物质文化遗产"工作,并获得了成功,"盘古庙会"被确定为河南省第一批非物质文化遗产代表。今年,桐柏还启动了"盘古创世神话传说群"国家级非物质文化遗产的申报工作,盘古文化品牌越打越响。同时,该县投资l00O多万元,开发了盘古溪、通天河、鸳鸯池、桃花洞、黄岗红叶林等文化旅游线路,盘古开天雕塑、盘古殿、盘古村等建设工程相继完成或启动,全面进行民俗文化、盘古文化的挖掘和包装,使人文景观与自然景观相得益彰。2006年8月l4日,包括港澳地区在内的中国著名神话学者,以及日本、韩国、越南、美国、加拿大、俄罗斯、德国、奥地利、比利时等国的神话专家共16O多人在桐柏县进行盘古文化考察活动,"真是不看不知道,一看忘不掉。没想到淮河源头的风光这么秀美,没想到中国盘古之乡的神话资源这么丰厚!"中外学者们纷纷发出这样由衷的惊叹。该县这些努力正在得到回报。今年"十一"黄金周期间,前来桐柏观光的游客比去年同期增加1倍以上,创造了桐柏旅游游客量、门票收入的历史新高。以弘扬盘古文化为契机,桐柏县还启动了淮源文化、佛道文化、红色文化等文化建设工程,着力提高桐柏老区的知名度和美誉度,助推县域经济社会发展跨升新台阶。去年桐柏县生产总值完成46.88亿元,增长13.8%;财政一般预算收入完成1.73亿元,增长44.3%,税收占一般预算收入的比重达87.4%,居南阳市第一位;全社会固定资产投资完成22亿元,增长79.4%;城镇居民人均可支配收入达7465元,增长10.2%;农民人均纯收入2277元,增长18.1%,增幅居南阳市第一位。 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;中国民间文艺家协会有关负责人表示,中国是一个多民族的国家,盘古不仅是我们56个民族共同的人文始祖,也是日本、韩国、越南、新加坡等数十个亚洲国家共同的人文始祖;民族和国家统一的根本是文化的统一,盘古是中华民族的万帝之宗,因此,弘扬盘古文化,不仅可以振奋全国各族人民开拓创新、昂扬向上的民族精神,而且更有利于把海外华人统一到中国的神圣国土上。作为中国盘古之乡,唱响盘古文化,会吸引更多的炎黄子孙关注、参与、投资桐柏的建设,成为桐柏"唱响中国、走向世界"的推进力量和文化纽带。 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;本次节会由香港大公报、河南省南阳市人民政府主办,中国公益事业发展联合会协办,桐柏县人民政府、中国盘古文化专业委员会承办。</p><p><a href="http://www.ha.xinhuanet.com/zfwq/2007-10/24/content_11483479.htm">http://www.ha.xinhuanet.com/zfwq/2007-10/24/content_11483479.htm</a></p>

伤疤好咯 发表于 2007-10-24 11:54:00

呵呵,真是晕啊!到处都是盘古神话的发源地,也不知道谁错谁对了。

季人 发表于 2007-10-24 12:49:00

<p>“最终一致认定盘古神话在炎黄时代于河南南阳桐柏山一带成熟并最终定型。”</p><p>并没说是盘古神话起源地。</p>

亚南 发表于 2007-10-24 17:24:00

<p>&nbsp; 据说广西壮学会派人参加了这次会议,许多区外的资深学者对广西的研究成果给予了充分的肯定.表示会在年底在广西来宾市召开的学术会议上给予进一步肯定.</p><p>&nbsp; 河南的会议是当地出资.新闻通稿发给记者后,记者不清楚广西的研究成果,写新闻只会照抄通稿,所以上述的新闻很正常.</p>

越僚 发表于 2007-10-29 12:47:00

什么热就抢什么,很多本地原生的文化奄奄一熄却没有人管,

wenliqan 发表于 2007-10-30 15:40:00

不是没人管,是没钱捞,所以没人管……

土著虎尾 发表于 2007-11-2 21:53:00

各做各的学问

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-3 14:22:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.1pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-para-margin-left: .2gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">龙母文化是珠江流域的原生态文化,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">大明山地区是龙母文化重要发源地。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;">大明山景区的龙母文化旅游如果不纳入两广旅游合作的进程,而是孤芳自赏,最终将自食苦果<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.1pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-para-margin-left: .2gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在为罗世敏和</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">谢寿球主编的《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大明山龙母揭秘</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">》而撰写的序言中,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">广西壮族自治区原副主席张声震</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">和</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中央民族大学</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">梁庭望教授都认为</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">环大明山龙母文化的发现是一个令人精神振奋的重大发现。因为“龙母文化的源头在哪里,大家原来并不清楚。但有一点可以肯定,民间传说古来共认广东龙母文化的源头在广西,至于在广西哪个地方这个问题可以研究。”现在好了,经过</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">南宁市委宣传部和大明山管理局组织有关专家组成的联合课题组利用半年多时间深入环大明山地区进行考察研究,专家们一致认为大明山地区是重要的龙母文化发源地(罗世敏,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">谢寿球,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>—<span lang="EN-US">03</span>)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">千里珠江,一脉相传,且</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">广西全境几乎都在珠江流域之中,这是一条直通穗港澳,可通海外世界的大河,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">因为有这条江,使得广西几乎是与广东同时进入了近代文明。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">开发大明山景区,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">建立起珠江全流域大旅游开发思想,可以把处于珠江流域中游的环大明山旅游圈打造成珠江流域“根”、“源”、“本”的区域文化旅游品牌</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但是,大明山景区在开发利用龙母文化的时候,却</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">把大明山的龙母文化与珠江中下游的龙母文化活生生割裂开来,强调“环大明山的龙母文化是典型的壮族版龙母文化,是原生态的龙母文化,在珠江流域中下游的龙母文化都是汉族版的龙母文化,都是在原生态的壮族龙母文化基础上发展并丰富起来的,是次生态的龙母文化(罗世敏,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">谢寿球,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>—<span lang="EN-US">03</span>)”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这样的提法有所偏颇,也</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">直接影响到对大明山龙母文化的价值体系认识,及对其深度开发和利用。明显是一种文化病理学现象即“文化幻觉”。所谓“文化幻觉”是指文化落后民族在不了解外界先进文明的情况下自我感觉良好的一种文化醉意。这种文化醉意明显是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对本民族固有的传统文化的过分揄扬</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。笔者认为壮学专家们之所以提出“原生态”这样一个概念,其要</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">表达的可能是对</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">珠江流域的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">主流文化、时尚文化以及文化市场中传统因素或自我意识严重缺失状况的担忧。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“原生态”这一概念的提出其实是在拷问我们的文化认知,说明我们明显缺乏一种费孝通先生所说的“各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,天下大同”的文化自觉、自爱、自尊的观念(</span><span class="large1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt;">李松,<span lang="EN-US">2006—07</span>-<span lang="EN-US">07</span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">袁珂在洋洋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万言的《中国神话传说》中曾经指出:“秦始皇时代,有两个传说故事,对后代有着普遍的代表性质:一个是关于陷湖的传说,另一个是关于龙母的传说”。龙母传说故事是先秦时期有名的百越民族的传说故事,笔者认为龙母传说最初主要起源于岭南的百越民族系统中的西瓯骆越和南越支系(珠江流域的广东广西),后来随着百越民族的外迁而逐步向长江中下游和黄河流域播布。历史记载有百越民族居住的地方,几乎都会流传有龙母传说的故事,在广东、广西、云南、湖南、江西、安徽、湖北、浙江和江苏,以及北方的陕西、山西、山东、河北和河南等地都有流传,各地的龙母传说异彩纷呈,它们与当地的自然环境、风土人情相结合,表现出鲜明的地域色彩。从这一点上来看,笔者认为,龙母</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">文化就是珠江流域的原生态文化,是百越民族共存的文化。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">千百年来,龙母一直被珠江流域的民众信奉为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>水神<span lang="EN-US">”</span>而建庙敬拜,<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">由龙母传说、龙母信仰及龙母相关习俗等构成的龙母文化是珠江流域文化的重要组成部分,</span>传说龙母是一个常人,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又是人的力量外化的人格化的神,是真人的神化,又是神化了的人,</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">她的故事千百年来在珠江流域广为流传,她那传奇性的圣绩,成为当地百姓信仰的支柱,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">人们对其祭祀崇拜,主要是祈求她所体现的正义助人、保安避灾的精神力量庇护,也是在日常生活或遇到困境时的精神寄托。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">唐代以后龙母信仰才处于封建国家的正祀地位,受到历代皇帝的敕封,被纳入封建国家的祀典之中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">叶春生,<span lang="EN-US">2004-06:99</span>~<span lang="EN-US">100)</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在珠江流域,敬奉龙母的庙宇有二百多座。从广东德庆、悦城到广西梧州、岑溪、藤县再到环大明山都普遍信仰龙母,不同地方龙母传说有着不同的版本,与龙母相关仪式在各地的表现也不一样,于是出现了“一个龙母,各自表述”的现象。近现代的“龙母崇拜”影响比较大的以今天两广边界的梧州、肇庆等地域为主,并扩大到珠江流域。广东德庆的龙母祖庙、广西梧州的龙母太庙和广西藤县的龙母庙等,每年吸引朝拜的游客达数万至数百万。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.45pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.95; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">广东德庆、悦城的龙母传说都承认龙母的籍贯在广西。如蒋明智教授在《论悦城龙母传说及其信仰》中明确指出,龙母是西江上游漂来的女婴,而西江上游属古西瓯骆越族裔地,从而透露出龙母的族源与西瓯骆越族裔有亲缘关系(蒋明智</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,<span lang="EN-US">2003-12</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。现有的学术研究表明珠江流域的各族群与区域文化具有某种密切的内在联系,而且学术界也公认,西瓯骆越族裔是壮族的祖先,所以,龙母文化是珠江古民俗文化的核心部分,是珠江流域原生态文化。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年以后龙母文化作为西江文化之源,已被列入广西首批民族民间文化保护工程项目,并在梧州举行了启动仪式。现在,梧州、藤县、岑溪、肇庆、德庆正在通力合作,充分挖掘龙母文化历史资源,打造两广知名的旅游品牌“龙母之旅”:藤县—岑溪—梧州—肇庆—德庆旅游线路,即将开通。两广共享“龙母文化”,携手共创“龙母之旅”,加速发展两广旅游业</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">陈金源,<span lang="EN-US">2005-01)</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">两广条件成熟地区已经整合旅游资源,联合打造统一的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“龙母文化”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">旅游品牌,统一向外界推出精品旅游线路,率先在国内打响区域旅游整合的新品牌。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大明山景区的龙母文化旅游如果不纳入两广旅游合作的进程,而是孤芳自赏,最终将自食苦果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><p></p></span></p>

亚南 发表于 2007-11-11 07:09:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">不同意<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼的看法。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">楼一直对广西大明山发生的文化活动事件非常关注,从<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼陆续在本论坛发表的贴子看,<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼对广西大明山组织出版的几本书也早已经通读。其实,有关<span style="COLOR: black;">广西发掘的原生态龙母文化早已经有了进一步的新说,有关学者早就把广西新发掘的龙母文化纳入了中华文化的大盘子内,而不是狭隘的壮族龙母文化论,试摘录《骆越古国历史文化研究》(罗世敏</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>—<span lang="EN-US">11</span>)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">一书第<span lang="EN-US">210</span>页:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">“……<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">龙母文化<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">。</span></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">壮族原生态文化和中原文化的相互交融发展的结果还表现在壮族民间传说<span style="COLOR: black;">特掘扫墓</span>的故事(壮族龙母的故事)之中。壮族龙母故事讲述的是壮族先民中一位慈祥寡妇爱护动物小蛇的事迹,最早流传在广西环大明山一带的壮族聚居区,以后通过水系交通流传到下游西江、珠江流域,最后传向大海和东南亚,形成了今天的<span style="font-emphasize: dot;">中华龙母文化</span>和妈祖文化两个体系。龙母文化还影响到长江中下游和黄河流域。壮族龙母的故事在两千年前就已经传到了数千里之遥的秦国,龙母被秦始皇所认识,并下令召见;以后又得到汉、唐、宋、明、清历代皇帝的封敕,正式纳入封建国家的祀典之中。龙母文化的现象说明,壮族文化在两千年前就已经发生了与北方民族的对话,并深刻的影响了中原文化;龙母两千多年以来不断的被历代的中央皇朝所认可,表明壮族文化早已经正式纳入中华民族的文化圈内。龙母文化是中国最早的不同民族文化相互包容融合的代表之一,也是社会和谐的精神象征。<span style="COLOR: black;">”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在这里,广西的龙母文化研究学者早就认识了新发掘的龙母文化虽然出自广西,但并没有把广西发掘的龙母文化仅仅局限在狭义的壮族文化小圈圈之内去研究,死死抱住而舍不得放开。在上述的论文中,通过提示“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">壮族龙母的故事</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”,说明“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">龙母文化的现象</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(注意,在此并没有像<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼想象的那样,谈广西的龙母必然会在“龙母文化”之前冠上“壮族”两字)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">,表述了其</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">壮族文化</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的内函精神;注明原生的壮族<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">乜特掘</span>的精神已经升华到大中华的文化中去发挥了,故文中称之为“<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">中华龙母文化</span>”。今天</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">楼还在守着旧黄历,批评“<span style="COLOR: black;">壮族版龙母文化</span>”,观点实在陈旧和没有说服力。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">至于<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼说的“大明山景区的龙母文化旅游如果不纳入两广旅游合作的进程</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,而是孤芳自赏,最终将自食苦果</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”的现实情况究竟怎样,本楼想许多人也是不得而知;在此纳闷之余也想拜托<span lang="EN-US">8</span>楼问问<span style="COLOR: black;">大明山景区的知情者究竟是怎么回事啦?</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-11 7:48:36编辑过]

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-13 10:26:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大明山景区计划以壮族龙母文化这一重要的历史文化资源作亮点来打造“岭南八桂奇山,壮乡人间仙境”,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他们认为“只有在环大明山地区旅游业的开发中注入壮族龙母文化这一新的、丰富的文化内涵,才能从根本上提升大明山的旅游文化品位,推动环大明山地区旅游业的迅速发展”(罗世敏、谢寿球,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">03</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。问题是所谓的大明山壮族龙母文化是否能承担起这个重任呢?笔者的回答是否定的。笔者的意思并不是否认在环大明山地区存在有龙母文化,在武鸣两江(黄桂秋,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和上林塘红的石门是有浓厚的龙母文化(侯金谷,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。但是,大明山龙母文化与其他更为古老的盘古文化等相比,龙母文化只是大明山的次文脉,其表现是浅层次的,表面化的,不能充分反映大明山的文化底蕴。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">柏杨认为中国的历史可以分为四个时代,曰:神话时代,传说时代,半信史时代,信史时代(柏杨,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1999</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">-</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">01</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。其实,壮族的历史何曾不可以这样划分啊。广西文联的农冠品研究员根据壮族神话的形态及其内容,初步勾勒出了壮族神话时代神话谱系:大气神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">黑、白、黄三色混合气体</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→石蛋神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三色大气凝成的石蛋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→昆虫神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蜾蜂与屎克郎</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→雷神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">管天雷公</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→水神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">管水龙王、图额、蛟龙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→姆洛甲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">花神、花王、生育女神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→布洛陀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">创世男神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→特康、侯野、郎正</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">射太阳大神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→布伯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卜伯,战雷王英雄神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→伏依</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘古兄妹,再创世神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→岑逊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">造江河氏族英雄神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→莫一大王</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">氏族英雄神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→童灵</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人类进化神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→妈勒</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人类探索宇宙神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">→歌神歌仙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">刘三妹、刘三姐,精神文化神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(农冠品,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。在壮族神话时代神话谱系中,大明山上的天坪、龙头山等在壮族神话谱系里具有崇高的地位,壮族起源比较早的神话可以在大明山地区找到遗存。重要的有雷神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">管天雷公</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、盘古,水神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">管水龙王、图额、蛟龙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、姆洛甲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">花神、花王、生育女神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、特康、侯野、郎正</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">射太阳大神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">布伯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卜伯,战雷王英雄神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、伏依兄妹(再创世神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、岑逊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">造江河氏族英雄神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、童灵</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人类进化神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、妈勒</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人类探索宇宙神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">等。其中,盘古、布伯、伏依兄妹神话等最为丰富,流转最广。在壮族神话谱系里面,还没有龙母的地位。壮族的龙母只是传说时代的故事人物,她的起源还是比较晚近时代的事情了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为什么《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们要无限拔高大明山龙母的地位——从一个寡妇提升为壮族的“人文始祖”(罗世敏、谢寿球,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">03</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)呢?这里面可能有种种原因人们不得而知。有一种可能就是《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们在解读“特掘”扫墓的故事时,把故事当作了神话,完全从原始思维的角度看待产生于人类进入文明时代之后的口头创作,把整则故事看作无意识创作,着力于从中寻求“原始遗留物”,这是不对的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">笔者以为在环大明山地区的武鸣、马山、上林、宾阳四县及其周围地区如平果、隆安、大化、都安、忻城等流传的“特掘”扫墓的故事不属于神话,“特掘”扫墓的故事是一则传统的民间故事。对神话和故事的研究在方法上大有不同。神话是人类童年时期的产物,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">神话中人类借助想象和幻想征服自然和支配自然,其中蕴含着大量蒙昧时代人类的文化信息,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">表现的是原始人类在“万物有灵”观念指导下的奇思妙想,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">必须将其置于原始文化的视野下才能对其有所认识或了解。而对故事的研究重点却应该放在对其所表现的理性意识上,而断不可完全从原始思维的角度去考察(陈金文,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。在解读“特掘”扫墓的故事时,《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们犯了两个方面的错误,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一是以神话学的视角分析故事,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">犯了方法论上的错误,由于解读方法错误,所以,《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们才会把一个寡妇提升为“人文始祖”。二是从日常事理的角度看待文学,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">犯了文学研究上常识性的错误。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">那么,“特掘”扫墓的故事究竟应该如何解读,究竟有着怎样的文化内涵?笔者以为,当我们不再把“特掘”扫墓的故事看作神话,而是还其以故事的身份后,其内容也就不难理解。在</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“特掘”扫墓的故事里,“乜掘”是寡妇,而寡妇的厄运直接就是“无后”。她们老死之后,无人祭祀,就成了“饿鬼”,多么凄凉!故事就让“特掘”这类精灵充当了尽孝的儿子,为老死的妇人出殡,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">把“乜掘”抬上大明山埋藏,并每年都来扫墓。在当地人来看是尽了孝道(农学冠,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 2000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">68</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">71</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。这个故事想要表达的意思是,居住在大明山周围的壮族群众历来把大明山当作宇宙山或祖宗神山看待,人死后灵魂都要归于大明山,即“魂归岜社(大明山)”。在大明山周围的年轻人对老人表孝道最常用的一句话就是“</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">dai cij<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>ram<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>hwnj<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Bya cwx<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>bae</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”,即“人老死后抬上大明山埋藏”,就是表明了当地的壮族群众人死后有“魂归岜社(大明山)”的观念。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在各民族文化交往与碰撞日益频繁的今天,每个民族都在力求从本民族文化的“根”中寻找在世界上的角色与定位。在壮族面向世界,要世界充分认识壮族人的真实面貌,壮族首先要认识自己,对自己的文化有“自知之明”。要做到文化自觉,既不妄自菲薄,也不妄自骄矜</span></p>

季人 发表于 2007-11-13 21:27:00

我赞同“龙母传说是民间故事而非神话”的观点。

亚南 发表于 2007-11-14 20:39:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">又对不起了,第<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">10</span>楼的说法还是不能令人信服。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">10</span>楼认为,“《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们在解读特掘扫墓的故事时,把故事当作了神话,……这是不对的。”——所谓非神话论,这是作者整篇文章最关键的要点。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">本楼的草根观点:所谓的把大明山地区的龙母文化现象分类为神话也好,传说也好,故事也好,都不重要;重要的是我们面对的是已经形成的一种<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">重要的文化现象</b>。因此不能简单的把它同等于幼儿园里阿姨给小朋友们说的“从前有位老太婆……啊,从前的草地里有条小蛇……啊”等个别孤立的、普通的传说与故事之类。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">大明山龙母能不能纳入神话的体系?其实早已经有了答案。在由广西壮族自治区原副主席张声震主编的《壮学丛书》系列、<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">10</span>楼一文提到的广西文联农冠品研究员编注的《壮族神话集成》一书就把大明山的龙母文化纳入了书中。肯定了大明山地区乜掘的故事或传说属于壮族神话的范畴。“《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们”中绝大部分是资深学者,《壮学丛书》编委会成员是由数十名资深学者组成,如果他们都犯了识别的“错误”,那现代壮学岂不成了天大的笑话?!当然,在此声明,本楼并不是有意贬低<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">10</span>楼学者挑战学术权威的勇气和精神,在学术中提出自己的不同观点,是一件很正常的事情,也是一种良好的学术风气。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">我国是联合国《文化多样性公约》的参与国,说明了中华民族文明的发展和进步离不开文化的多样性。由物质文明和精神文明构成的壮族文化是中华民族传统文化的组成之一,它们需要得到</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">同等条件</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的保护、传承、发扬。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">大明山有内函那么深厚和丰富的龙母文化,却不能在大明山景区很好的转化为旅游资源,的确非常遗憾!又在两年多以前就宣传说要恢复龙母庙,但至今在有整整<span lang="EN-US">1</span>千平方公里之广阔的景区内,壮族群众竟然还找不到一个象样的敬仰“乜掘”的地方,那才更是一种内含着悲哀的遗憾!上述情况的出现,不是大明山地区的龙母文化本身有问题,更加不是<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">10</span>楼文章寓含的壮族人民接受与不接受龙母文化的问题。除了大明山景区管理层的景区营运手法失当</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(在经济效益方面)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的遗憾外,而是在另一个方面,仍存在有许多值得我们考虑的地方。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如今,从数千公里之外产生的佛教正逐渐成为有一定势力的文化影响力到达大明山;而发生在广西大明山的本土文化——龙母文化却仍然处于弱势,甚至被人为的不断边缘化。今天,我们的壮族传统文化,究竟怎么啦?<font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p>

五爪金龙 发表于 2007-11-14 22:14:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">赞同“一种<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">重要的文化现象”</b>说。<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">大明山龙母文化深厚内涵的学术内容在哪里本人不懂得,但大明山周围的壮族群众每年举行朝拜“乜掘”的活动是有目共睹的(其中在《僚人家人》网页上也有过大量的报道)。只有大明山周围幼儿园的小朋友们才需要“故事”,大明山周围的大人们不会因为是听了“故事”就去做朝拜活动那么简单吧?所以同意</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">12</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">楼的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">是“一种重要的文化现象”的说法。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">楼说:</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“特掘”扫墓的故事究竟应该如何解读,究竟有着怎样的文化内涵?笔者以为,当我们不再把“特掘”扫墓的故事看作神话,而是还其以故事的身份后,其内容也就不难理解。在 “特掘”扫墓的故事里,“乜掘”是寡妇,而寡妇的厄运直接就是“无后”。她们老死之后,无人祭祀,就成了“饿鬼”,多么凄凉!故事就让“特掘”这类精灵充当了尽孝的儿子,为老死的妇人出殡,把“乜掘”抬上大明山埋藏,并每年都来扫墓。在当地人来看是尽了孝道(农学冠,<span lang="EN-US"> 2000</span>:<span lang="EN-US">68</span>~<span lang="EN-US">71</span>)。这个故事想要表达的意思是,居住在大明山周围的壮族群众历来把大明山当作宇宙山或祖宗神山看待,人死后灵魂都要归于大明山,即“魂归岜社(大明山)”。在大明山周围的年轻人对老人表孝道最常用的一句话就是“<span lang="EN-US">dai cij<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>ram<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>hwnj<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Bya cwx<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>bae</span>”,即“人老死后抬上大明山埋藏”,就是表明了当地的壮族群众人死后有“魂归岜社(大明山)”的观念。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">——在此不禁要问,那究竟为什么群众会把<span style="COLOR: black;">大明山当作宇宙山或祖宗神山看待?是讲“故事”听“故事”所能发挥出如此大的精神作用吗?由此可见,</span>大明山周围的壮人每年举行朝拜“乜掘”的仪式;群众把<span style="COLOR: black;">大明山当作宇宙山或祖宗神山看待等产生的活动就是一种文化现象。为什么把深层次的文化现象硬要降格为民间“故事”呢。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">壮族人喜欢贬低壮族文化,是当今的一个怪现象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-15 11:26:57编辑过]

五爪金龙 发表于 2007-11-15 11:50:00

[转帖]

<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">人</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">相</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                </font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">倾</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">——录自</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">李零教授著</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《花间一壶酒》一书</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在一般人的心目中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(即知识分子的旧称)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">本是知书达礼识大体的角色,但实际上它也是一种排外意识很强的集体或个人。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相轻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,互相看不起,白眼一翻,嗤之以鼻,倒也罢了。但更进一层,则还有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相倾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,不但</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">党同伐异</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,有时就连</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">也要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">伐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,而且更其要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">伐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。手段毒辣起来,并不一定比奸商政客差。比如文革中,知识分子挨整,被人整得死去活来,直接打他骂他羞辱他的人是谁?很多正是同类</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(学生害老师、同学害同学、同事害同事)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。所以我是不大愿意以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">知识分子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自居,让他们来代表我或我来代表他们</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(在我们国家,常有不经别人同意,张口就代表某大组织或多少万人民的发言习惯)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。哪个是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">脊梁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,哪个是混蛋,全得另着说。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">知识分子排他,首先是以集团。正像同业有行会,流氓有黑邦,知识分子也有许多同气相求的圈子。比如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">清浊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">雅俗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">之分便是两种较大的圈子,文人为了对付来自圈外的威胁和取得圈内的认可,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">清</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">有时还不是十分必要,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">古之“清浊”是以对统治者的态度而分,有时虽然也可以是一种时髦(“东林伯仲,俺青楼皆知敬重”),但圈子总是比较小。它往往只限于接近上层和热衷政治的少数士人,并不是整个读书人的圈子。<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">但</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">雅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">则一定不可少。例如我们有各种从国外翻过来,港台传过来和古书查出来的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">黑话</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,可作识别标志</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(或防伪标志)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,一对暗号,则友敌自分,这就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">雅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。前一阵儿,商业文化和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">痞子文学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">抢了我们的地盘,他们对知识分子不理不睬,而知识分子对他们则不依不饶,非要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">绝地大反攻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,谋东山再起,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">嫉俗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">嫉到毫无</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">雅量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,即使宽容者各打五十大板,临了也不忘不了抢白一句,曰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">阶级仇,民族恨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(没上过大学,没出过国)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,照样蔑视其</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">出身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,那原因也在于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">难伸雅怀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。再比如为了对付早晚要爬上来的年轻人,职称头衔也是一种圈子。评上了是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">罪有应得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,评不上是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">死有余辜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。教授上面有博导,博导上面有学术委员,学术委员上面有院士,以及各种会长、理事。山外有山,天外有天,一张名片递上来</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(正反两面都印不下)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,也是贵贱立明。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">现在时兴讲“与国际接轨”,但“博导”一职乃国际所无。<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">特别是近来我们还有许多钦点或自封的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">大师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">学术带头人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(又名“跨世纪人才”)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">老有所养</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(“论资排辈”评自己或自己的朋友)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">幼有所归</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(“破格提拔”评自己的学生或朋友的学生)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,爵衔后面密布着师生、同学和校系出身的网络。虽然从道理上讲,学者也有按学术观点不同划分的各种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,但它们不是太少,就是淹没于朋党宗派,有时难以分辨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相轻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相倾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这件事上,知识分子排他,可以从大圈子到小圈子,一层层排下去,直到个人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(所谓“一条板凳坐不下两个先生)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。这对了解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">轻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">倾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的实质很重要。孔子曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">三军可夺帅,匹夫不可夺志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">当仁,不让于师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。西哲亦云:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">吾爱吾师,吾更爱真理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。知识分子唯真理是从,不苟合于世,虽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">千夫所指</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">也敢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">横眉冷对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,这本来是他们最可宝贵的地方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">但这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">特立独行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">也有它很可怕的地方:如果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">真理占有者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">认死理,一直认到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">唯我独尊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">舍我其谁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,绝不能与他人分享认知上的自由</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(谬误千百种,真理只一个,二者岂能共容?)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,一定要义不容辞地挽救他人于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">荒谬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">之中,则其专制和侵略性可以超过任何暴君和战争狂。因为政治家还懂得权力平衡,商人也懂得利益均沾,而知识分子却很难在真理的问题上让利分权,实行民主集中,或损有余而补不足。这往往是他们从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">独立</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">走向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">孤立</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一字之差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">可以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">谬以千里</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的深刻原因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">知识分子当然不是孤立的,他们和其他人一样也是生活于人群之中。一般地说,他们的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不自由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,总要受到三种人的限制;一是他们之上的统治者,二是圈子内的同行,三是他们之下的读者或听众。比如战国时代,大家都说这是中国思想文化空前活跃的一段,当时有诸子蜂议、百家争鸣,一切很自由。春秋末到战国初,礼崩乐坏,大家可以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">乱说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,主要是第一种限制被放松。但那个时期,儒、墨、道相互低非,还只限于打嘴仗,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">因此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的含义只是随你怎么讲,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">说说而已</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。这是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相轻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的阶段。但到了战国中晚期,知识分子不只是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">乱说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,还要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">乱动</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,当然广告竞争式的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">也就式微。这时,人们会感到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">自由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的限制主要是来自同行,特别是自己的老同学。孙膜与庞涓同师鬼谷,庞涓恐膑贤于己,非把孙膑的膝盖挖掉不行;韩非与李斯俱事荀卿,李斯嫉非重于秦,也一定要把韩非害死于狱中。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">位子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">和实行主张的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">大是大非</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">问题上,老同学对老同学不但不必客气,还往往会直接向君王建议:为国家安全计,莫如把他干掉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(以免被敌国利用)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。这是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人相倾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的阶段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">文人受其读者和听众的限制,一般地说在古代不是大问题。因为比如在上面所说的时代,知识分子鼓如贫之舌,他要打动的只是个把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">人主</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">;就是传播主张,也仅限于同一师门,手抄本已足以对付。大众不懂也不关心他们的高谈阔论。这类事在现代成为大问题,原因主要是有各种大众文化和大众传媒。文人在学术的圈子里还可以借学术训练和文凭为壁垒,但在通俗音乐、影视娱乐方面好像还没有什么好法子。北大中文系虽然有个作家班,可以给作家发义凭,但它毕竟不是工商局。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">痞子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">无照经营</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">谁也管不了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">执照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的问题上,我们中国有一大发明,那就是科举制和八股文。这样的制度,在西方看来是很有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">现代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">意味的创设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">尽管它的考核内容是另一回事。古代的知识分子曾以此为进身之阶,功名利禄所在,士人趋之若鹜,除了抽疯,几乎没人敢怀疑它。况且它所包含的理性设计就是今天也还管用,砸不烂,捣不毁,绝不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">张铁生罢考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">所能替代。然而正是因为如此,我才觉得《儒林外史》特别可贵。吴敬梓以科场蹭蹬,屡试不第,起而抨击科举制,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">机锋所向,尤在士林</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,不但会被圈中人视为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">叛逆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,还会招来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">酸葡萄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">之讥</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(其实吃到葡萄的人才不会说葡萄是酸的)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。但他不在乎这些,反而以亲身体验为我们描画出,在这个堂皇的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">儒林</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">之中,作为制度的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">效益成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,有很多人不得不被牺牲,他们明明已被推搡到圈子的边缘或干脆排挤出圈子之外,却还要挣扎着爬回圈子之中的可笑与可悲。他的这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">知其不可而为之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的精神,在我看来,意义都不只限于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">反封建</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,还很有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">后现代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(套用时下的时髦术语)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的意味。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">吴敬梓笔下的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">可怜虫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,按很多朋友的说法,搁到现在简直算不了什么,就是其中最无行者,与今相比都反见其忠厚。所以当人们言必称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">我们知识分子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,靠人多壮胆时,我心里想:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">儒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">林</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">大了,什么鸟没有?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p><br/></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-15 14:11:33编辑过]

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-15 15:38:00

<h3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">在大明山周围的桂中地区有龙蛇图腾崇拜的民间传说,以及与“盘古之君,龙首蛇身”之说如出一辙的龙首蛇身石雕像,从图腾标准来看,说明大明山盘古神话显然出自正宗<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">关于蛇是如何演变为龙的?清人屈大均在《广东新语》有这样的解释:“西粤土司,凡蚺蛇过三十丈皆称龙。”另外,《述异记》也云:“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">虺五百年化为蛟,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">蛟千年化为龙,龙五百年化为角龙,千年化为应龙。”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">历史文献记载</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">反映了壮族先民对蛇的观察素有大者为龙,小者称蛇的习惯,并且不同的年龄的龙其称谓不同。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">现在在广西壮族民间口传故事中就是龙蛇并称,对龙蛇的崇拜也很突出。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在广西环大明山地区的武鸣、马山、上林、宾阳四县及其周围地区如</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">平果、隆安、天等、大化、都安、忻城等</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">流传有蛇化为龙的民间传说故事。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">故事的大意是,有一老妇(是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">寡妇,人称“乜掘”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)在外面捡到小蛇,后把蛇养起来,后来为了使它长大,便砍断了蛇的尾巴,人称特倔(壮话是秃尾巴的男子),老妇过世时,特倔由蛇化为龙回来为老妇守灵、出殡,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">并把老妇葬到大明山顶上,以后每年三月三还给老妇扫墓</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">拜山</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。这个故事就是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">有名的“特掘(<span lang="EN-US">Daeggud</span>)扫墓”的故事。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">由于“特掘扫墓”的故事是一则传统的民间故事。故而在对它的解读上不应该用神话研究常用的方法。众所周知,神话和故事的研究在方法上大有不同。神话是人类童年时期的产物,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">神话中人类借助想象和幻想征服自然和支配自然,其中蕴含着大量蒙昧时代人类的文化信息,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">表现的是原始人类在“万物有灵”观念指导下的奇思妙想,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">必须将其置于原始文化的视野下才能对其有所认识或了解。而对故事的研究重点却应该放在对其所表现的理性意识上,而断不可完全从原始思维的角度去考察(陈金文,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在 “特掘扫墓”的故事里,“乜掘”是寡妇,而寡妇的厄运直接就是“无后”。她们老死之后,无人祭祀,就成了“饿鬼”,多么凄凉!故事就让“特掘”这类精灵充当了尽孝的儿子,为老死的妇人出殡,把“乜掘”抬上大明山埋藏,并每年都来扫墓。在当地人来看是尽了孝道(农学冠,<span lang="EN-US"> 2000</span>:<span lang="EN-US">68</span>~<span lang="EN-US">71</span>)。什么是孝道?《论语•为政》载孟懿子问孝,孔子回答说“无违”,事后又解释说:“生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。” “特掘”身上,凝聚了东方民族特别看重传宗接代的文化传统观念。这个故事想要表达的意思是,居住在大明山周围的壮族群众历来把大明山当作宇宙山或祖宗神山看待,人死后灵魂都要归于大明山,即“魂归岜社(大明山)”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">民间口传故事每每虚幻而生动,但是在现实的历史上,“特掘”扫墓的故事在俗世中也有着具象的影子。你看,在 “特掘扫墓”的故事里,“特掘”是主角,“乜掘”是配角,主角“特掘”在配角“乜掘”的关照下,由蛇化为龙,“特掘”的主角特色由始至终都被强调着,并煞有介事的具有</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">鲜明的地域色彩</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">:武鸣罗波镇的布凌村有龙垌,传说是特掘成龙之地。在武鸣县的罗波镇有罗波潭、上林县塘红乡的石门村有石南海,这两个潭底据说都是特倔的龙宫水府。武鸣县两江镇合耸村后大山谷石壁间据说也有特倔庙。在宋、明代年间,上林县石门村也有一个“特掘庙”,当地的人叫“公周庙”,按照当地的壮话意思叫“我们的老祖宗庙”。与龙有关的地名也相当多:如大明山东南方的龙湖,大明山东麓的大龙洞、大龙湖,以大明山主峰命名的、大明山脉东南部分的龙山自然保护区,都和龙的文化内涵息息相关(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">侯金谷,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">更令人称奇的是,在大明山西南麓的武鸣县两江镇龙母村有龙首蛇身的图腾石雕像。石雕像用整块石头雕刻而成,高约<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>米</chmetcnv>,整体如一只大蟒蛇。当地人把这龙首蛇身的图腾石雕像称为“特掘”,即秃尾龙。石雕刻琢随意,形像高古,用刀圆润,无棱无角,具有明代石刻风格(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">罗世敏、谢寿球,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在大明山的东麓上林县,从石门到周安到红水河边以及忻城县城,一路也都有龙首蛇身的图腾石雕像,而且龙首蛇身的图腾石雕像的朝向都是面向大明山。如在距离石门<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="公里" sourcevalue="2" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1">两公里</chmetcnv>处的石南海故道的双好桥上,有两个似龙非龙、似凤非凤的石刻蛇头,秃尾,面朝“敢仙”方向;在蓝干河边的龙祥村长帅庄,该庄的庄前、庄后也分别保存有一只石刻蛇头,蛇脖子上挂有一只葫芦。周安村的增福庄,也有两只蛇头,一只胸前刻有“泰山石敢当”,一只刻有“龙狗飞凤石”的字样。在周安的横山桥、周安桥,也都分别刻有两只似龙非龙、似蛇非蛇的头像,这和壮族“龙即是蛇,蛇即是龙”的观点相通(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">侯金谷,<span lang="EN-US">2006</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">在大明山周围有如此之多的由蛇化为龙的民间传说故事和实物的龙首蛇身图腾石雕像,这与文献记载的“盘<personname wst="on" productid="古之">古之</personname>君,龙首蛇身” 如出一辙,由此,笔者推断,这个所谓的“特掘”其实就是以盘古为原型。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">遍查全国盘古神话流传区的神话传说和出土实物,唯有大明山周围地区有由蛇化龙的传说故事,并有与传说故事配套的实物“特掘”龙首蛇身石雕像,并</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">处处显示出其图腾身份,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这些与“盘<personname wst="on" productid="古之">古之</personname>君,龙首蛇身”之说如出一辙,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">具有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">龙首蛇身图腾石雕像特征</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的大明山盘古神话显然正宗。</span>

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-15 15:43:00

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">众所周知,中国传说的古史系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">, </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不是自古就有的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">, </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">而是由不同的时代“层累式的造成的”,这就是</span><personname wst="on" productid="顾颉刚"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">顾颉刚</span></personname><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">先生有名的“层累地造成的中国古史”说。他把这个基本的古史观的思想内涵及历史演化归结为以下三个方面。第一,“时代愈后<span lang="EN-US">, </span>传说的古史时期愈长”。第二,“时代愈后<span lang="EN-US">, </span>传说中的中心人物愈放愈大”。第三,我们对于古史<span lang="EN-US">, </span>即不能知道某一件事真确的状况<span lang="EN-US">, </span>但可以知道某一件事在传说中的最早的状况(赵吉惠<span lang="EN-US">, </span>毛曦<span lang="EN-US">, 1999</span>)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由此,笔者推断,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">百越民族西瓯骆越族裔地区的历史,也</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“层累式的造成的”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">:布洛陀为壮人之语,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">是壮语的神名,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">是壮族先民原始的开天辟地神。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">汉语神名的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">盘古则是后来传说之开天<span style="COLOR: black;">辟地神,</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘古的原形应该就是布洛陀。</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">布洛陀经诗流行时,当时还没有盘古这种说法。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">汉语神名的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">盘古<span style="COLOR: black;">一词显然系汉人对南方语言的音译。后来,盘古神话流开来,人们又把盘古神话糅进布洛陀麽经诗中,</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所以,才有了《壮族麽经布洛陀影印译注》中的局面:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">民间二神同立</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。如《壮族麽经布洛陀影印译注》中,布洛陀就是壮族的至高神:他为人创麽教,编经书,祭鬼招魂,安定天下。他智慧过人,连盘古圣人都要向他请教。麽公经典也屡屡唱布洛陀“在上方看到一切”,他派盘古王开天地,盘古置阳间,天王氏造天,四脸王造<chsdate wst="on" year="2007" month="12" day="12" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False">十二月十二日</chsdate>,他指示人用铁柱顶天升往上方,压地降往下方。天小地大,缩地做山坡,垒地做山坳,天罩地。盘古神造百姓,老君巡下方十二部族。教伏羲兄妹杀牛敬祖宗,派耕作大王教人耕作</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">张声震,<span lang="EN-US">2004</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">而二神同立之现象是民族团结的象征,是文化交融的产物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 25.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.43; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">从时间序列上来说,在百越民族西瓯骆越族裔地区,出现最早的神话人物是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">布洛陀,到了三国时代以后则出现了盘古,到了明代的时候出现了</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“特掘”, 可谓“时代愈后<span lang="EN-US">, </span>传说中的中心人物愈放愈大”。 “特掘”的原型是盘古,盘古的原型是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">布洛陀。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥;">正是“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">层累式的造成的”历史带给了后人诸多想象的空间。另外从神话的分布地域来看,以桂中的大明山为中心,最内卷的是流传</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“特掘”故事,主要流传在以大明山为中心的武鸣、马山、上林、宾阳四县及其周围地区如</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平果、隆安、天等、大化、都安、忻城等</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">地,最外卷的是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">布洛陀,主要流传在以大明山为中心的最外围的百色市、河池市、崇左市、南宁市以及云南省文山壮族苗族自治州、贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州、黔南布依族苗族自治州等,在</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">内卷和外围的过渡地带流传的主要是</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘古神话,主要流传在桂中桂北桂南以及湖南、广东、贵州、云南一带。</span></p>

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-17 10:51:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">纷纷浊世,瓦釜雷鸣,黄钟毁弃,真隐伪显。现在的壮学研究对大明山的历史文化地位多有误读。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">大明山是</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">盘古之宗地。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">古人对盘古之宗地历来十分警畏。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">如宋罗泌《路史》卷一《初三皇纪》引《六韬</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">•</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体;">大明》云</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“召公对文王曰<span lang="EN-US">:</span>‘天道净清,地德生成,人事安宁。戒之勿忘,忘者不祥。盘古之宗,不可动也,动者必凶’”。&nbsp; 《六韬》一书初著录见《隋书</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">•</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体;">经籍志》兵家类</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,题“周文王师姜望撰”。《六韬》一书的</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">作者是</span><span class="repeat-item"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ndcnc.gov.cn/datalib/2004/Literature/SHL-DL/SHL-DL-9626/md_get_ref?nodePath=Literature/DCCreator&amp;text=%E5%90%95%E6%9C%9B"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">吕望</span></span></a></span></span><span class="repeat-item"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所属朝代在西周时代。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1972</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年考古发现西汉前期《六韬》抄本,证明《六韬》至少是西汉以前的作品,惜大明篇已佚。该书通过周文王、武王与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ndcnc.gov.cn/datalib/2004/Literature/SHL-DL/SHL-DL-9626/md_get_ref?nodePath=Literature/Summary/text&amp;text=%E5%90%95%E6%9C%9B"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">吕望</span></span></a></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对话的形式,论述治国、治军和指导战争的理论、原则,是一部具有重要价值的兵书,对后世产生了重大影响,受到历代兵家名将的重视,司马迁《史记</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">•</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">齐太公世家》称:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后世之言兵及周之阴权。皆宗太公为本谋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">北宋神宗元丰年间,《六韬》被列为《武经七书》之一,为武学必读之书。可见其对后世的重大影响。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">召公对文王曰”,</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">很显然,这说明周文王时期已经很熟悉盘古其人了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘古之宗是什么意思呢?就是盘古定下的原则,也就是前面说的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天道净清,地德生成,人事安宁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。这里实际上包含了三个原则:天道的原则是使天净清,地德的原则是使物生成,人事的原则是使民安宁。盘古之宗就是自然的总原则,是自然的灵魂。周易的天地人三才思想就是从这里来的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">君子许我论造化, 鬼神畏我泄天机。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">有天理必有地理,有心地必有阴地。未葬山头地,先看层下人。屋下人无福,山头地不灵。山川有灵而无主,尸骨有主而无灵。是非时师眼不开,大地原待福人来。堪舆之术泄天机,千万不可传匪人。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">深可戒哉!望能尊行天律,方能获得诸天神佛嘉佑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">切记!切记!<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-17 17:39:00

<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">我知吾说一出,攻余为立异骇俗,丧心病狂者必大有人在。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1.南宁市委市政府从一开始对大明山景区开发的要求就是:<span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“挖掘自然景观、人文景观、历史遗址、民族风情、自然奥秘,挖掘出景区、景点的文化内涵、历史内涵、科学内涵、民族内涵”。</span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2.南宁市委宣传部和大明山管理局也是<span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">按照市委市政府的工作思路,</span>于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2005</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月至<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月组织了以中央民族大学博士生导师梁庭望教授为总顾问,来自全国、全区著名的民族学、社会学、民俗学、生态学、考古学专家等二十多人组成的联合课题组,利用半年多时间深入环大明山地区进行考察研究,专家们一致认为大明山地区是重要的龙母文化发源地。现在出现了这样的局面:有谁出来反对大明山有龙母,谁就是和专家过不去<font color="#f76809">:《大明山龙母揭秘》的作者们中绝大部分是</font><font color="#ff6600">资深学者</font>,《<font color="#f76809">壮学丛书》编委会成员是由数十名资深学者组成,如果他们都犯了识别的“错误”,那现代壮学岂不成了天大的笑话?!</font></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">3.大明山地区是重要的龙母文化发源地,开发大明山应以开发龙母文化为龙头来搞。现在南宁市委市政府已经把这个决定写进了政府决策规划中了。大明山景区的旅游开发只能这个决策进行。<font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c7f709;">估计没有谁可以推翻这个决策。我们在这里无非就是聊天聊天,影响不了领导的决策的。除非换了领导,那是另外一回事。</font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">大明山风景区对龙母文化的研究已经从意识形态意义上转化为实践行为,把龙母文化作为营造城市文化底蕴的龙头项目来抓。为此,也利用了</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">龙母文化策划了一系列活动。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">围绕龙母文化旅游基础设施已经开展招商引资。</span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">4.<font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #38f709;">作者:亚南 认为“<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">大明山有内函那么深厚和丰富的龙母文化,却不能在大明山景区很好的转化为旅游资源,的确非常遗憾!又在两年多以前就宣传说要恢复龙母庙,但至今在有整整<span lang="EN-US">1</span>千平方公里之广阔的景区内,壮族群众竟然还找不到一个象样的敬仰“乜掘”的地方,那才更是一种内含着悲哀的遗憾!</span>”</font>确实,大明山从2005年开发到现在(2007年11月)差不多3年过去,大明山至今还是那个样子,而<font size="2">上述情况的出现,</font>不要天真的认为是“<font size="2">大明山景区管理层的景区营运手法失当</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_gb2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(在经济效益方面)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”这个原因。这里面有种种原因。<font color="#0000ff">我认为最重要的,就是:<span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">大明山是</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: arial;">盘古之宗地。大明山是广西的龙脉。围绕环大明山,从古代到近代现代,在广西当王者,其祖坟都是在大明山周围,武鸣的老陆,苹果的老李,上林的老成,还有好多好多。此可谓,盘古之宗,不可动也,动者必凶阿。</span></font></span></span></span></p>

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-22 11:03:00

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为什么南宁旅游不如人</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://bbs1.nnsky.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=19&amp;ID=4139289&amp;page=1" target="_blank"><font face="Times New Roman">http://bbs1.nnsky.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=19&amp;ID=4139289&amp;page=1</font></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“自古羁游之士,寄迹寓土,必有名胜。”<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年年底,中国<span lang="EN-US">-</span>东盟博览会花落号称全国优秀旅游城市的广西首府——南宁。这几年,南宁的知名度大大提高,投资者纷纷涌入。然而,和很多南宁人一样,笔者总觉得,和邻近的云南、贵州的省会城市比起来,南宁旅游不如人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">为什么南宁旅游不如人?笔者一直在思考。<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="6" month="10" year="2007"><span lang="EN-US">10</span>月<span lang="EN-US">6</span>日</chsdate>晚,笔者和同学在秀灵路边“劈酒”,席间,同学“电”一多年来一直负责旅游的“哥头”过来聊天,“哥头”到席后,大谈特谈的是官场关系和炒房发财,笔者好不容易才找到机会问及“扬美始建于宋代”的依据,“哥头”不以为然:“管他什么依据呢!我告诉你,我们搞旅游的,有两个原则,一是无中生有,一是小题大作。”笔者问:“这样的话,南宁旅游的生命力会如何?”“哥头”摇头不答。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">笔者终于明白为什么南宁旅游不如人!也就不愿说什么发掘和用好用足南宁市丰厚的历史文化底蕴之类的话啦。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p>

蛊毒 发表于 2007-11-22 19:20:00

&nbsp;<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/fenshuixunzong" _extended="_extended">风水寻踪</a> 保护龙脉,造福后人 <a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e020f4a01000bbi.html">http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e020f4a01000bbi.html</a>
        <div id="articleBarButton">&nbsp;</div><div id="articleContentArea"><div id="articleTimeHolder">&nbsp;</div><div class="middleSize" id="articleContent"><div style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"><span>现在很多地方政府官员明里说党员干部不应相信封建迷信,却在暗里寻找风水宝地,安葬自己的祖宗,以此祈求保佑自己飞黄腾达,升官发财。一些学识浅薄,不修德行的“风水先生”,为某些达官贵人献计献策,仅仅是为得到一点蝇头小利或者为得到赏识,便出风头让政府搬迁,建亭台楼阁,为美化城市,不惜刨别人的祖坟,甚至公路两边,各乡镇都不准葬坟,不准留坟头。<span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><br/></span>&nbsp;</span>
                                <span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
                                <span>&nbsp;换作他本人会这样做吗,他敢把自己的祖坟迁走吗?如果有人敢站出来大声疾呼:积点德吧,不要毁坏祖宗留下的珍贵遗产,不要大肆破坏风水龙脉了。<span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><br/></span>&nbsp;</span>
                                <span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
                                <span>&nbsp;人各有天命,不是你的,天不会给你,是你的,别人拿不走。破坏龙脉必遭天遣,殃及后代,国运也同样遭到阻碍。留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。<span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><br/></span>&nbsp;</span>
                                <span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
                                <span>风水宝地是我们的根基,千万年来,我们的祖宗就是根据这一原理,埋葬祖先,建造房屋,选择京都、城市基址,轻易不会搬迁,更不会乱破坏城市周围的山脉,如果不懂得风水原理,势必会给城市建设造成危害。<span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><br/></span>&nbsp;</span>
                                <span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
                                <span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>我们所用的地图,其实是风水存在的标记,很古以前,风水师就是根据风水的名词记录山川地形的,如现在经常看到的挂榜山、榜山、文笔山、案山、白花、红花、旗山、鼓山、马鞍山、白虎山、青龙山、玄武湖、朱雀大街等等。因此,风水的存在早已刻在人们的心中。<span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><br/></span>&nbsp;</span>
                                <span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
                                <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体">还有现在很多风景名胜为什么有那么多人去观光旅游,这都是风水宝地的魅力,有的把世界各地的人们都吸引过来,如果没有风水的存在,想必就不会有人去观光旅游了。很多人只知道他风景美丽,却不知道真是风水的魅力。要让人们充分认识风水的重要性,应该从娃娃做起,在教科书上做起。如果这样下去,国家昌盛,人们安居乐业,何乐而不为呢?</font><span lang="EN-US" xmllang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></div></div></div>
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